Petersons test 2 Flashcards
What are some reasons why Europeans had developed an interest in exploring and colonizing new lands?
- Merchants were interested in increasing their profits from trade by cutting out Middle Eastern intermediaries in the trade with Asia.
- Better designed ships and more advanced sailing instruments made it safer to venture farther from land.
- The monarchies of the new nation states were interested in increasing their wealth and power through territorial acquisitions.
- Religious dissenters thought that they would be able to escape persecution by emigrating to a colony.
Cortés was aided in his conquest of the Aztec empire by:
help from Aztec tribute states that wanted to rid themselves of Aztec rule.
A major difference between Massachusetts Bay and the Virginia Colony was that
early colonists in Massachusetts Bay were freemen and families and in Virginia they were single men and indentured servants
“Be it therefore . . . enacted . . . that no person or persons whatsoever within this province . . . thereunto [believing] in Jesus Christ shall henceforth be any ways troubled, molested, or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof within this province. . . .”
This quotation is most probably from a law passed in which colony?
Maryland–Maryland passed the Act of Religious Toleration in 1649, which provided freedom of religion to Catholics and Protestants alike. Catholics at this time were severely persecuted in England.
T or F: The first Africans taken to the southern colonies were indentured servants.
True–The first 20 Africans who were landed in Jamestown Colony in 1619 were taken as indentured servants
The rights of women changed when:
when women married. –Single women and widows had greater rights. They could conduct business, own property, and enter into contracts. Once they married, they lost these rights in favor of their husbands. While Abigail Adams may have cautioned her husband to “remember the ladies,” nothing changed for women after the Revolution.
What is an accurate list of the economic activity of the southern colonies in the mid-1700s?
tobacco, rice, and indigo agriculture
Who was a well-known preacher of the First Great Awakening?
George Whitefield –George Whitefield, was the central figure in the First Great Awakening. A spellbinding preacher, he brought evangelicalism to the colonies.
What colony was least likely to allow plays to be staged
Massachusetts– With its strong Puritan influences, Massachusetts was able to keep theaters from being built and actors from performing.
What are true statements about the population of the North American colonies by 1776?
More immigrants settled in the Southern colonies than in New England.
Africans were the largest number of new arrivals.
Many of the new European immigrants moved into the backcountry pushing the frontier of the colonies west.
Virginia was the most populous colony.
Under the theory of mercantilism, North American colonies existed
to increase the home country’s wealth.
The underlying disagreement between Parliament and the American colonists revolved around
virtual versus direct representation.
The colonists were used to direct representation in their colonial legislatures and resented Parliament’s claim that it represented all people within the British empire, whether the people were able to vote for them or not, which the colonists were not.
A colonial scientist whose work was well known in Europe was
Benjamin Franklin was well known in the colonies and across Europe for his work with electricity. His work was the subject of discussion and praise by both the British Royal Society of Science and the French Academy of Science
Educated colonists were familiar with
DEISM:it is belief in a Supreme Being who is the source of natural law.
Paintings that were created by untrained and itinerant artists in the colonial and early national periods are known as
folk art
By 1776, the people of English descent made up about what percentage of colonists?
slightly less than 50 percent
During the colonial period, the fur trade had what effects on native Americans?
a. contact between Native Americans and traders spread European diseases among the Native Americans
b. Native Americans converted in large numbers to Christianity
c. made Native Americans dependent on Europeans and European Americans for trade goods
d. created and worsened existing rivalries among Native Americans
In the 1700s, socioeconomic class probably meant the least to
Scot Irish farmer in backcountry North Carolina
–The 1700s saw enormous population and economic growth in the colonies, and along with this a widening of class differences. The only place where class mattered little was on the frontier, also known as the backcountry.
What is an accurate characterization of American colonists by the mid-1700s?
Colonists came to believe that through hard work and ambition, anything was possible.
One of the casualties of the French and Indian War was
Americans’ sense of the superiority of the British military
–The British army was made up of professional soldiers, but they were no match for the tactics of the French and their Native American allies. The colonial militias lost respect for the commanders of the army.
The Stamp Act added fuel to the argument of “no taxation without representation” because
it was the first tax on goods made and sold within the colonies themselves
At the same time the Stamp Act was repealed, Parliament passed the
Declaratory Act–Whereas the repeal of the Stamp Act was meant to satisfy British merchants and decrease unemployment at home, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act to reaffirm its power to tax the colonies.
The colonists protested the Tea Act for what reasons
a. colonists feared it was the first of a series of similar actions that could threaten all colonial businesses
b. it threatened to put colonial tea merchants out of business
c. it was a tax that the colonists had not approved
e. it gave a monopoly to the British East India Company
What were provisions of the Intolerable Acts
required colonists to provide housing for British soldiers
revoked the charter of Massachusetts
allowed a British soldier or official to be tried outside the colony if the governor thought it impossible to get a fair trial within the colony
closed the port of Boston
Who tried to find a way to heal the differences with Great Britain
The First Continental Congress–In 1774 when the Congress first met, there was no clear consensus in the colonies for independence. Many colonists still thought that a way could be found to retain their rights and remain in the British empire. That was the purpose of the “Declaration of Rights and Grievances” that the Congress sent to George III.
Whose idea were the committees of correspondence?
Samuel Adams–
Who wrote a famous book, Democracy in America, about the American political system after a visit here from France in 1831 and 1832.
Alexis de Tocqueville
Who he wrote “Letters From a Pennsylvania Farmer”
John Dickinson
he wrote Letters From a Pennsylvania Farmer, in which he explained that Parliament had a right to regulate trade, but not to levy taxes within the colonies.
During the war, one of George Washington’s biggest problems was
lack of adequate funding for the army by Congress
In writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson drew on the social contract theory of which Enlightenment thinker?
John Locke
Who wrote Common Sense and The Crisis in support of independence
Thomas Paine
Native Americans sided with the British in the American Revolution, because
they feared that if the Americans won, they would push farther into Native American land
In addition to France, which of the following nations aided the Americans in the Revolutionary War?
-Spain (and the Netherlands) lent the new United States money to fund the war, but Spain also declared war on Great Britain in 1779. A Spanish force defeated the British in Louisiana and West Florida.
In writing their new state constitutions, states
limited the power of the state government
Their experience as colonists under royal governors influenced the men who drafted the new state constitutions. As a result, they limited the power of state government.
What were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
a. lack of a judiciary
b. lack of an executive
c. lack of the ability to levy taxes
d. lack of authority to regulate interstate commerce
“Your President may easily become king. Your Senate is so imperfectly constructed that your dearest rights may be sacrificed by what may be a small minority. . . .”
This quotation is most likely from a speech by
Patrick Henry
Think speech; think Patrick Henry of the impassioned “give me liberty or death” speech
establishment of a national bank
adoption of a protective tariff
levying of an excise tax on whiskey
repayment in their entirety of all war debts owed by the federal government and the states
These were all WHO’s proposals to establish a sound financial footing for the United States?
Alexander Hamilton
As opposed to Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton considered the role of the federal government was to
encourage economic activity
Jefferson believed that the future of the nation was as an agrarian society(any society whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland), whereas Hamilton saw it as an industrial society.
The policy of the United States government toward Native Americans in the early republican period was to
negotiate for Native American land
Regardless of the number of skirmishes between settlers and Native Americans, the official government policy was to negotiate for land, sign peace treaties, and pay little for the land.
In the war between France and other European nations in the 1790s, what political party claimed the United States had no obligation to aid France because the alliance of 1778 had been with the French monarchy
Federalists
Who delivered the “give me liberty or death” speech.
Patrick Henry
Jay’s Treaty was reviled by Democratic-Republicans because it
was not demanding enough in asserting United States rights against Great Britain
″Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute″ would have been an appropriate slogan for Americans during what event?
XYZ Affair
″Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.″ This slogan was the response of Americans to the demands of Agents XYZ that before France would negotiate, the United States would have to lend it $10 million and give Talleyrand, the French minister, $250,000 personally.
The underlying purpose for passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to
weaken the Democratic-Republican Party
The four acts, collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts, were aimed at decreasing the strength of the Democratic-Republican Party. The only people arrested were Democratic-Republican newspaper editors.
The election of 1800 is significant because
the political party in power changed without violence
Thomas Jefferson called the election of 1800 “the revolution of 1800” for this reason
What was a reason for France’s offer to sell all of Louisiana to the United States
The successful slave uprising in Haiti undercut Napoleon’s plan for an empire in the Americas.
The central issue in McCulloch v. Maryland was
the extent of Congressional authority
The McCulloch v. Maryland broadened the powers of Congress to include implied powers, all those “necessary and proper” to enable government to function. The case itself dealt with the constitutionality of the Second Bank and the state of Maryland’s attempt to tax its bank notes.
Jefferson’s worst foreign policy blunder was
the Embargo Act of 1807
The embargo was meant to hurt the British and French economies and instead severely damaged the Northeast. Opposition to Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans was so great that the Federalists had a brief revival of support in the election of 1808.
Who fought with the British in the War of 1812 as a result of the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Tecumseh
Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, known as the Prophet, were organizing Native Americans from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico to resist selling their land to white Americans. When the Prophet attacked General William Henry Harrison’s militia, the Native American encampment near the Tippecanoe River was destroyed.
The major reason that the Federalists collapsed as a political party was because
the Democratic-Republicans adopted the Federalists’ economic program
