Pesticides, Biologics, Monoclonals Flashcards
What is difference btwn drug & pesticide?
- both can be intended for use against external organisms
- drugs are granted authorization for sale by Veterinary Drugs Directorate while pesticides are by Pest Management Regulatory Agency (both regulated by Health Canada)
- regulations surrounding approval, sale, & use are VERY DIFFERENT btwn drugs & pesticides
How can you easily ID if product is drug or pesticide?
does it have a DIN (drug identification #) or PCP (pest control product #)
What are primary differences for vets when Rx’ing/selling drugs vs pesticides?
- cant legally use pesticide in any manner other than product label (NO EXTRALABEL USE)
- cant dispense part of package b/c must bear approved label
What might be the rationale of why there are different rules btwn Rx’ing drugs & pesticides?
pesticides are generally more dangerous than drugs (margin of safety is a lot higher w/ drugs)
What are some veterinary DRUG products that can have effects on external arthropods &/or insects?
- ivermectin (sarcoptes mange)
- selamectin (fleas, mites, ticks)
why are ivermectin & selamectin drugs & not pesticides?
systemic absorption (not just topical effect)
What are some examples of veterinary pesticides?
- advantage, advantage II, advantix II
- but advantage multi is drug b/c contains moxidectin for internal parasites
What are formulations for pesticides?
usually some type of topical administration:
- ear tags
- collars
- immersion baths
- topical dusts
- shampoos
- premise application
What are veterinary biologics?
- covers vxs, antitoxins, diagnostic test kits, & some Ab formulations (not newer monoclonal Ab products) used to treat/prevent INFECTIOUS diseases in animals
- covered under Health of Animals Act & Regulations
- still regulated by Health Canada, but under Canadian Food Inspection Agency (Centre for Veterinary Biologics)
What are large molecule drugs?
- products that have larger molecular weight than typical drugs based on a chemical API (can be sm peptides or larger proteins -> hormones (ex: insulin), colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF), Abs, enzymes)
- may be produced by: (harvesting natural sources (ex: porcine pancreatic enzymes) or recombinant tech (ex: derived frm bact genetically modified to overproduce prot)
- generally MUCH more expensive to synthesize than traditional (sm mc) drugs
What are monoclonal Abs?
- Abs produced synthetically (ex: recombinant bact) w/ extremely high specificity for specific Ag (target)
- not produced by B cells or plasma cells in host animal
- massive in human med (next big thing in vet med)
- HINT: any drug name w/ “mab” @ end (Solensia - feline NGF, Librela - canine NGF, cytopoint - canine IL-31)
How are mAbs different from “regular” Abs?
mAbs are more precise replicas: clone of single (mono) ab; (compared to non-specific IgG)
can same monoclonal Ab be given to multiple spp?
- no, as struct of target Ag differs slightly btwn spp, mAbs need to be sp-specific
Describe Ab struct
Y struct
- Fab “arms” (antigen-binding fragment)
- Fac “stem” (crystallizable struct)
What do monoclonal Abs target?
all sorts of Ags (specific protein or receptor)
- bind to & inactivate protein or receptor
- can lead to apoptosis (cell death) in certain cases
