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Pharmacology > Introduction to pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Introduction to pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

determination of time course of disposition (ADME) of drug in body; “what the body does to the drug”

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2
Q

Processes involved in pharmacokinetics?

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, & excretion

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3
Q

What does pharmacokinetics determine?

A

concentration of drug @ its site(s) of action (dose), & thus intensity of effect (response)

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4
Q

If absorption of drug is low…?

A

…insufficient drug reaches target site to cause effect

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5
Q

altered distribution of drug can …?

A

…result in preferential concentration in non-target organ (ex: adipose tissue)

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6
Q

metabolism can result in production of…?

A

… less or more pharmacologically active metabolite, or even toxic metabolite

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7
Q

slower excretion can…?

A

… increase half-life of drug & may result in toxicity

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8
Q

What are 3 things that can influence ADME?

A

Genetics, life history (ex: age), & enviro (ex: diet)

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9
Q

Influencing ADME does what to the individual animal?

A

influences intensity of effect in that animal

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10
Q

What is liberation?

A

w/ oral administered dose, it wont be 100% absorbed in gut. some will be excreted, unchanged in feces.

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11
Q

What is the central compartment?

A

blood stream

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12
Q

concentration of drug that is free is..

A

… in equilibrium w/ prot bound drug. If one of free is released to site of action, it will be replaced by release of prot bound one. (one of most important parts of info on drug labels)

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13
Q

Which drug can diffuse?

A

free drug, protein bound is too big for this

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14
Q

what is major site of drug metabolism?

A

liver

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15
Q

in order for drugs to cross membranes they are designed to be?

A

lipid soluble (which makes it hard for animals to get rid of these drugs via excretion)

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16
Q

What does drug metabolism do?

A

makes drugs more water soluble so they can be urinated out (excreted)

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17
Q

What forms of drug can be excreted?

A

both free drug & metabolites

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18
Q

3 big picture sites drugs go in the body (in equilibrium free vs bound)?

A
  1. therapeutic site of action
  2. tissue reservoirs
  3. unwanted site of action
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19
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

biochemical & physiological effects of drugs & their mechanisms of action; “what the drug does to the body”

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20
Q

po

A

per os (by mouth)

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21
Q

pr

A

per rectum (rectal)

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22
Q

pv

A

per vaginam (vaginal)

23
Q

im

A

intramuscular

24
Q

sc or sq

A

sub q

25
Q

mitte

A

mitte (send)

26
Q

aa

A

affected area

27
Q

od

A

oculus dexter (R eye)

28
Q

os

A

oculus sinister (L eye)

29
Q

ou

A

oculus uterque (both eyes)

30
Q

ad

A

auris dextra (R ear)

31
Q

as

A

auris sinister (L ear)

32
Q

au

A

auris uterque (both ears)

33
Q

q

A

quaque (every, per)

34
Q

od

A

omne in die (every day, 1x per day)

35
Q

bid

A

bis in die (2x per day)

36
Q

tid

A

ter in die (3x per day)

37
Q

qid

A

quarter in die (4x per day)

38
Q

q_h

A

quaque___hora (every ___ hrs) (ex: q1h = every 1 hr)

39
Q

eod

A

every other day

40
Q

prn

A

pro re nata (as needed)

41
Q

sig

A

signa (write on label - directions to patient)

42
Q

ac

A

ante cibum (before meals)

43
Q

pc

A

post cibum (after meals)

44
Q

cc

A

cum cibum (w/ meals)

45
Q

h

A

hora (hr)

46
Q

c

A

cum (w/)

47
Q

stat

A

statim (immediately)

48
Q

qs

A

quantam sufficiat (sufficient quantity)

49
Q

qs ad

A

quantam sufficiat ad (a sufficient quantity to make)

50
Q

1/7

A

1 day

51
Q

3/7

A

3 days

52
Q

1/52

A

1 week

53
Q

1/12

A

1 month

54
Q

sid

A

once daily (but not officially recognized)

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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