Pestana- 10. Otolaryngology

Question 1

What should you expect if you see a midline neck mass, at the level of the hyoid that seems connected to the tongue?

Answer 1

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 2

What all do you take out when removing the thyroglossal duct cyst?

Answer 2

cyst
middle segment of hyoid bone
track that leads to the base of the tongue

Question 3

What do you need to check for before removing thyroglossal duct cyst?

Answer 3

location of the normal thyroid

Question 4

Where do branchial cleft cysts occur?

Answer 4

along the anterior edge of the SCM

Question 5

What do you think of with a large, mushy, ill-defined mass that occupies the entire supraclavicular area and seems to extend deeper into the chest?

Answer 5

cystic hygroma

Question 6

What do you need to get before removing cystic hygroma?

Answer 6

CT

Question 7

What do you do for a patient with an enlarged lymph node for 2 weeks?

Answer 7

follow up in 3-4 weeks

Question 8

What do you do if a patient has enlarged lymph nodes for weeks to months?

Answer 8

rule out neoplasia

Question 9

What do you expect in a patient with multiple enlarged lymph nodes, low-grade fevers and night sweats?

Answer 9

lymphoma

Question 10

What do you expect in an adult who has sensory hearing loss in one ear but not the other?

Answer 10

acoustic nerve neuroma

Question 11

How do you diagnose acoustic nerve neuroma?

Answer 11

MRI

Question 12

What is the best test to diagnose facial nerve tumor?

Answer 12

gadolinium-enhanced MRI

Question 13

What are most parotid masses?

Answer 13

pleomorphic adenomas

Question 14

What is a hard mass of the parotid that is painfus and causing facial nerve paralysis?

Answer 14

parotid cancer

Question 15

How do you diagnose parotid masses?

Answer 15

FNA (NEVER DO OPEN BIOPSY)

Question 16

How do you treat a parotid mass?

Answer 16

take out the whole parotid gland (or superficial part)

Question 17

What do you think of in a toddler with a unilateral ENT problem?

Answer 17

foreign body

Question 18

What is the name of a mouth floor abscess usually 2/2 bad tooth infection?

Answer 18

Ludwig angina

Question 19

What is the sudden paralysis of the facial nerve?

Answer 19

Bell’s palsy

Question 20

What is the first sign of cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Answer 20

diplopia (paralysis of extrinsic eye muscles)

Question 21

What other symptoms will a patient with cavernous sinus thrombosis be presenting with ?

Answer 21

sinusitis (frontal or ethmoid)

Question 22

What can control epistaxis in children?

Answer 22

phenylephrine spray and local pressure

Question 23

What is the cause of epistaxis in an 18 year old?

Answer 23

1- cocaine abuse = septal perf

2- juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Question 24

What may help a patient with vertigo?

Answer 24

meclizine
promethazine
diazepam

Question 25

What does a patient with Meniere disease present with?

Answer 25

vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss

Question 26

How do you treat meniere disease?

Answer 26

diuretics