Pertussis and Influenza Flashcards
How is pertussis transmitted
Respiratory droplets up to 5 feet; humans are the only reservoir
Highest incidence of pertussis
infants less than 12 months
3 phases of pertussis
catarrhal, paroxsymal, and convalescent
Catarrhal phase
7-10 days; indistinguishable from viral URI
paroxsymal phase
1-6 wks up to 10 wks; cough increases 1-2 wks, plateaus, then decreases; paroxysms of coughs followed by long inspiratory whoop
convalescent phase
cough resolves over 2-3 wks
who (children vs adults) have typical s/s of pertussis
children have typical paroxsyms with whoop except for the very young (infants)
Complications in children from pertussis
Bacterial pneumonia- pertussis usually damages the lungs enough that a different bacteria gets in and causes the pneumonia.
DDx of pertussis
Viral: adenovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, RSV, coronavirus, rhinovirus
Bacteria: B. parapertussis, c. and m. pneumonia, TB
Noninfectious: Asthma, FB, postnasal drip, reflux, malignancy
List the common complications of pertussis in adults.
- Rib fracture
- Hernia
- Back pain
- Pneumothorax
- Incontinence
- Pneumonia - unusual
- Death - rare
**Complications in adults are uncommon.
List the common complications of influenza.
- Pneumonia (viral & bacterial)
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Myositis
- CNS - encephalitis
- Myocarditis
- Pericarditis
What is the most common complication of influenza?
Pneumonia. Primary viral is most severe and serious but secondary bacterial is more common.
Immunizations are an example of what type of prevention?
Primary- given before the disease starts
How do immunizations work?
They cause an immune response in the body without the disease being present.
T/F Adverse reactions to immunizations are common
False they are rare, most often they included mild fever, injection site sensitivity or edema, rash and vasodilation.
Adverse reactions can be reported to VAERS (vaccine adverse event reporting system)
