Asthma and OSA Flashcards

1
Q

Summarize the pathophysiology of asthma (how is it stimulated, what happens to the smooth muscle, what is the result)

A
  1. Allergen induced (IgE -> Mast cell release)
  2. Obstructed airway from:
    - Too much mucus (plugs), inflammation, edema
    - Exaggerated bronchoconstriction
  3. Permanent remodeling of smooth muscle and other cells that increases airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness
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2
Q

Explain the role of airway edema in the pathophys of asthma

A
  • As a result of the mast cell release, the airways become swollen (edema), inflamed, and mucus hyper secretion leads to formation of mucus plugs
  • Smooth muscles hypertrophy and hyperplasia occurs
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3
Q

Explain the role of bronchoconstriction in the pathophys of asthma

A
  • Exaggerated response due to a wide variety of stimuli

- Due to inflammation

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4
Q

Summarize the remodeling occurs in the airways with asthma?

A
  • Permanent changes that increase airflow obstruction and airway hyper responsiveness
  • Thickening of sub-basement membrane
  • Sub-epithelial fibrosis
  • Smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia
  • Mucus gland hyperplasia and hypersecretion
  • Put simply: the lining and muscle aren’t as stretchy and the muscles don’t dilate as well
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5
Q

What is OSA

A

recurrent upper airway obstruction

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6
Q

What are most common symptoms of OSA

A

snoring

excessive daytime sleepiness

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7
Q

What are risk factors for OSA

A
obesity
craniofacial abnormalities
age
smoking
menopause
alcohol
medications
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8
Q

What is the gold standard for dx of OSA

A

polysomnography (sleep study)

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9
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for OSA

A

5 or more obstructive events with risk factors present

OR

15 or more obstructive events with no risk factors present

AND

AHI > 5

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10
Q

OSA txt

A
weight loss
sleep position
alcohol advoidance
CPAP
oral appliance
surgery
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11
Q

Epidemiology of Asthma

A

Incidence is highest in children, but affects all ages and occurs world wide with a preponderance of the disease in developed industrialized countries.

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