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My Dev Psych TOS > Perspectives On Nature And Nurture > Flashcards

Perspectives On Nature And Nurture Flashcards

1
Q

Focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people

A

Human Development

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2
Q

Concept of human development as lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically

A

Life-span Development

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3
Q

Views development as lifelong, multidimensional,multidirectional,plastic,multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss

A

Life-span Perspective

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4
Q

Domains of Development

A
  • Physical Development
  • Cognitive Development
  • Psychosocial Development
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5
Q

growth of the body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health

A

Physical Development

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6
Q

learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

A

Cognitive Development

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7
Q

emotions, personality, and social relationships

A

Psychosocial Development

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8
Q

a concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society

A

Social Construction

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9
Q

which involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persists through life or change

A

Stability-ChangeIssue

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10
Q

focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages

A

Continuity-Discontinuity

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11
Q

physical changes; quantitative

A

Growth

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12
Q

transitional state that tells a person is fully functional

A

Maturation

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13
Q

the unfolding of natural sequence of physical change and behavior patterns

A

Maturation

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14
Q

functional changes; progressive

A

Development

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15
Q

it encompasses physical, mental, and social aspects

A

Development

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16
Q

how a person adapts to the environment

A

Learning

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17
Q

scientific study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences among people and animals are responsible for
differences in their traits

A

Behavioral Genetic

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18
Q

proportion of all the variability in the trait within a large sample of people that can be linked to genetic differences among those individuals

A

Heritability

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19
Q

studied the heredity in plants

A

Gregor Mendel

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20
Q

involves attempting to breed animals for a particular trait to determine whether the
trait is heritable

A

Selective Breeding

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21
Q

Genes contribute to such attributes as activity
level, emotionality, aggressiveness, and sex drive
in rats mice, and chickens

A

Selective Breeding

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22
Q

Research methods in factors of heredity and environment

A
  1. Twin Studies
  2. Adoption Studies
  3. Family Studies
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23
Q

the percentage of pairs of
people studied in which if one member of a pair
displays the trait, the other does too

A

Concordance Rate

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24
Q

wide range of possibility that it might exhibit differently

A

Reaction Range

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25
Q

limited possible changes of changing (fixed) e.g., motor and language development

A

Canalized Range

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26
Q

Genes turn on and off in patterned ways throughout the lifespan

A

Epigenetics

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27
Q

the effects of genes depend on what kind of environment we experiences, and how we respond to the environment depends on what genes we gave

A

Gene-Environment Interaction

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28
Q

Intelligenceisstronglyinfluencedby _______.

A

Heredity

29
Q

Intelligenceisstronglyinfluencedby heredity. However, it is also affected by ____, _____, ____, ____

A
  • parental stimulation
    -education
    -peer influence
    -others
30
Q

3 factors that contribute to individual differences in emotionality:

A
  1. Genes
  2. Shared Environmental Influences
  3. Non-shared environmental Influences
31
Q

common
experiences that work to make them similar (e.g.,
parenting style)

A

Shared Environmental Influences

32
Q

unique
experiences to the individual – those who are not shared with the other members of the family (e.g., parental favoritism)

A

Nonshared Environmental Influences

33
Q

3 kinds of Gene-Environment Correlations

A
  1. Passive Gene-Environment
  2. Evocative Gene-Environment
  3. Active Gene-Environment
34
Q

parent provide for their children is influenced partly by the parents’ genotypes

A

Passive Gene-Environment

35
Q

child’s genotype evokes certain kind of reactions from other people ; Genetic makeup may affect the reactions of other people to a child and, hence, the kind of social environment that the child will experience

A

Evocative Gene-Environment

36
Q

children’s genotype
influence the kinds of environment they seek

A

Active Gene-Environment

37
Q

consists of inborn traits and characteristics provided by the child’s parents

A

Heredity

38
Q

influences stems from the outside body, starting from conception throughout life

A

Environment

39
Q

people differ in gender,
height, weight, and body build; in health and energy
level, etc.

A

Individual Differences

40
Q

consists of inborn traits provided by the
parents

A

Heredity

41
Q

Nuclear and Extended Family

A

Family

41
Q

ContextofDevelopment:

A
  1. Family
  2. Socioeconomic Status
    3.Culture
    4.Gender
  3. History
42
Q

combination of economic
and social factors describing an individual or family,
including income, education, and occupation

A

Socioeconomic Status

43
Q

society’s or group’s total way of life

A

Culture

44
Q

overgeneralization that obscures or blurs variations

A

Ethnic Gloss

45
Q

identifiable biological category, is more accurately defined social construct

A

Race

46
Q

biological or environmental
events that affect many or most people in a society in a similar ways and events that touch only certain individuals

A

Normative Influences

47
Q

group of people who experience the event at a formative time in their lives

A

Historical Generation

48
Q

2 Kinds of Normative Influences

A
  1. Normative Age-Graded Influences
  2. Normative History-Graded Influences
49
Q

group of people born at about the same time

A

Age Cohort

50
Q

unusual events that have major impact on individual lives because they disturb the expected sequence of the life cycle

A

Nonnormative

51
Q

instinctively follow the first moving object they see

A

Imprinting

52
Q

specific time when a given event, or its absence, has a specific impact on development

A

Critical Period

53
Q

when developing person is
especially responsive to certain kind of experience

A

Sensitive Periods

54
Q

modifiability of performance

A

Plasticity

55
Q

set of logically related concepts or statements that seek to describe and explain development and to predict the kinds of behavior that might occur under certain conditions

A

Theory

56
Q

explanations or predications that can be tested by further research

A

Hypothesis

57
Q

Tabula Rasa

A

John Locke

58
Q

people are like machines that react to environmental input (reactive)

A

MechanisticModel

59
Q

children are born “noble
savages” who develop according to their own positive natural tendencies if not corrupted by society

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

60
Q

people as active, growing organisms that set their own development in motion; initiate events, and do not just react (active)

A

Organismic Model

61
Q

gradual and incremental

A

Continuou

62
Q

abrupt or uneven

A

Discontinuous

63
Q

change in number or
amount, such as height, weight, or vocabulary size

A

Quantitative Change

64
Q

emergence of new phenomena that could not be easily predicted on the basis of the past basic functioning

A

Qualitative Change

65
Q

emphasized the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior

A

Evolutionary Psychology

66
Q

genes

A

Nativist Perspective

67
Q

environment

A

Empiricist Perspective

68
Q

all children acquire language in
the same way

A

Noam Chomsky

My Dev Psych TOS (4 decks)

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