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Termin 1 > Personlighetspsykologi > Flashcards

Personlighetspsykologi Flashcards

1
Q

Mediator

A

Transfers an effect

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2
Q

Moderator

A

Attenuates or amplifies an effect

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3
Q

Classic Trait Perspective

A

The true personality shows itself as a mean average of behavior over different situations, the rest is just a matter of random measurement errors.

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4
Q

CAPS model

A

Cognitive Affective Personality System.

Encodings
Expectancies and beliefs
Affects
Goals and Values

The variation in states is not a matter of random errors in measuring, but rather reflects a systematic variance.

The behavior in two identical situations would prove to be rather the same.
“If… then…”

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5
Q

CAPS model

A

Cognitive Affective Personality System.

Encodings
Expectancies and beliefs
Affects
Goals and Values
Competencies and Self-regulatory plans

The variation in states is not a matter of random errors in measuring, but rather reflects a systematic variance.

The behavior in two identical situations would prove to be rather the same.
“If… then…”

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6
Q

Heritability

A

Phenotypical variances that can be deduced to genotypical variances.

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7
Q

Genome-wide association study GWAS

A

Mix of molecular genetics and chemical agnostic heritability studies.

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8
Q

Personality

A

The distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a person’s responses to life situations.

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9
Q

Object relations theory

A

The representation of themselves and others as a result of early childhood experiences with caregivers.

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10
Q

Phenomenology

A

The focus on the immediate and present experiences instead of past ones.

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11
Q

Personal constructs

A

cognitive categories in which they sort people and events in their lives

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12
Q

Self-consistency

A

An absence of conflicts among self-perceptions

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13
Q

Congruence

A

A consistency between self-perceptions and experience.

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14
Q

Self-concept

A

A set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself.

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15
Q

Need for positive regard

A

Need of love, sympathy and acceptance from others.

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16
Q

Self-verification

A

The need to confirm the self-concept.

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17
Q

Self-enhancement

A

A strong and pervasive tendency to gain and preserve a positive self-image.

18
Q

Personality traits

A

Relatively stable cognitive emotional and behavioral characteristics that distinguish a person from others and helps establish their individual identities.

19
Q

Lexical approach

A

Propose traits on the basis of daily discourse or words in preexisiting personality theories.

20
Q

Factor analysis

A

To identify clusters of behaviors that strongly correlate, but not with with behaviors from other clusters.

21
Q

Big five (OCEAN)

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)

The most well established model of personality factors. Captures universal traits in humans.

22
Q

Fixed mindset

A

Believing that talents are innate gifts. They cannot be influenced or changed.

23
Q

Growth mindset

A

Talents can be developed through good strategies, hard work and valuable input from others.

24
Q

SNP - Single nucleotide polymorphism

A

A nucleotide that varies between people.

25
Q

Self-monitoring

A

Attention to cues in the situation that indicate what behavior is appropriate. This affects how we act in a situation, if we are attentive or not.

26
Q

Trait theory

A

Identifying and measuring the basic dimensions of personality. Traits interact among themselves and situations.

27
Q

3 Components of variation in personality

A
  1. Variation attributable to genetic factors.
  2. Variation attributale to shared environment.
  3. Variation attributable to unique experiences in unshared environments.
28
Q

Eysenck’s extraversion-stability model

A

All personalities are derived from a person’s extraversion level and their stability/instability emotionally speaking.

Extraverts are neurologically underaroused. Opposite for introverts.

Stability-instability represents how fast a shift in arousal occurs.

29
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

A person, her behavior and her environment all interact in a mutually causative manner.

30
Q

Julian Rotter: Expectancy, Reinforcement Value, and Locus of Control.

A

How we act depends on these three factors.

Expectancy - Our perception of how likely it is that consequences will come from acting in a certain way in a specific situation.

Reinforcement value: How me value or dread the outcome that we expect will come from our behavior.

Internal/External Locus of Control: An expectancy concerning our self-control abilites. Also known as a generalized expectancy as it spreads over different domains in life.

Internal: We have a big influence on the outcomes in our life.

External: We have a small influence on the outcomes in our life.

31
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

The belief in our ability to perform the necessary behaviors to reach a desired outcome.

32
Q

Verbal persuasion

A

The messages we get from others regarding our abilites increase our self-efficacy or lower them.

33
Q

CAPS(again)

A

An organized system of five variables that interact continously with one another and the environment, generating a distinctive pattern of behavior that characterize the person.

34
Q

Behavioral signatures (Situation-by-behavior patterns)

A

Consistent ways of responding in particular classes of situations.

35
Q

Gender-schemas

A

Internal mental frameworks for what charactherizes a gender and what is expected of a specific gender.

36
Q

NEO-PI

A

Measures the Big Five factors.

37
Q

Projective Tests

A

Used to measure unconscious processes. Presenting subjects with ambiguous stimulus.

38
Q

Collective unconscious

A

The part of our unconscious which we all share due to ancestral memory.

39
Q

Conditions of worth

A

Rules that govern values, beliefs and behavior.

40
Q

Self-enhancement

A

The tendency to attribute positive qualities to ourselves and take credit for personal successes regardless of whether these beliefs are accurate or not.

41
Q

Sociogenomic model

A

States are made up of constituent components such as thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Traits are made up of the states being relatively enduring and thus generate future states aswell. Traits are the pattern of these states.

Termin 1 (5 decks)

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