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Personality Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

unique set of attitudes, behaviors, and
emotions that an individual has.

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2
Q

Type A

A

tend to feel a sense of
time pressure and are easily angered. They are also
competitive and ambitious.

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3
Q

Type B

A

tend to be more relaxed
and easy going.

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4
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

personality is determined by
early childhood experiences, and remains mostly the same
throughout the life.

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic- conscious mind

A

all the current thoughts in your mind.

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6
Q

Psychoanalytic- Preconcious mind

A

just below consciousness; it’s what you’re
not thinking about, but could be thinking about if you focused
on it.

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7
Q

Psychoanalytic- unconscious mind

A

Freud said controlled behavior
We do not have access to the thoughts in our unconscious.
Freud said that we spend a tremendous amount of energy
trying to keep threatening thoughts in our unconscious mind.

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8
Q

Psychoanalytic - Eros

A

life instinct, desire for sex

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9
Q

Psychoanalytic- Thantos

A

death instinct, agression

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10
Q

Psychoanalytic- Libidio

A

energy that directs life force

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11
Q

Psychoanalytic- ID

A

part of the unconscious mind. The ID pursues
immediate gratification. The ID exists from birth. It remains
the same throughout a persons life and does not change with
time or experience. The ID is not affected by reality, logic, or
experience.

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12
Q

Psychoanalytic- Ego

A

according to the reality principle, often
compromising or postponing satisfaction to avoid negative
consequences of society. The ego considers social realities
and norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how to behave.
Ego develops within 2-3 years of age.

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13
Q

Psychoanalytic- Superego

A

aspect of personality that holds all of our
internalized moral about right and wrong taught by parents
and society. Emerges around age 3-5.

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14
Q

Repression

A

Repression is an
unconscious mechanism
employed by ego to keep
disturbing or threatening
thoughts from becoming
conscious

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15
Q

Denial

A

involves blocking
external events from
awareness. If some
situation is too much to
handle, the person refuses
to experience it.

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16
Q

Displacement

A

Satisfying an impulse,
such as aggression with a
substitute object

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17
Q

Projection

A

individuals
attributing their own
unacceptable thoughts,
feelings, and motives to
another person

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18
Q

Regression

A

When one is faced with
stress, this is movement
back in psychological
time

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19
Q

Sublimation

A

Satisfying an impulse,
such as aggression, with a
substitute object in a
socially acceptable way

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20
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Acting in exactly the
opposite way to one’s
unacceptable impulses

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21
Q

Rationalization

A

Creating false excuses for
one’s unacceptable
feelings, thoughts, or
behavior

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22
Q

Repression

A

Unknowingly placing an
unpleasant memory or
though in the unconscious

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23
Q

Intellectualization

A

Dealing with emotional
conflict or stress by
excessive use of thinking
and generalization

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24
Q

Karen Horney and Nancy Chordow

A

Posited that men may suffer from womb envy; jealously of
women’s reproductive capabilities.

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25
Jungian Theory
proposed that the unconscious consists of two different parts: the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious.
26
Jungian Theory- Personal Unconscious
accumulation of experiences from a person's lifetime that could not be consciously recalled.
27
Jungian Theory- Complexes
personal unconscious contained complexes. A complex is a personal unconscious, core pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes organized around a common theme.
28
Jungian Theory- collective unconciousness
passed down through the species and explains certain similarities we see between cultures.
29
Jungian Theory- collective unconcious archetypes
as universal concepts we all share as part of the human species. With a core desire
30
Alderian Theory- inferiority
motivated by failure
31
Alderian Theory- superiority
motivated by desire to achieve
32
Trait Theories
describe people’s personalities by identifying general traits.
33
Hans Eyesenck- Nomothetic Approach
Some trait theorists believe that the same basic set of traits can be used to describe all people’s personalities. introversion-extrosversion stable-unstable
34
Raymond Cattell
Cattell developed the 16 personality factor test to measure what he believed were the 16 basic traits present in all people.
35
Paul Costa & Robert McCrae
The Big Five Personality Traits
36
The Big Five- Extroversion
Joiner, Talkative, Active, Affectionate
37
The Big Five- Agreeableness
Trusting, Lenient, Soft-hearted, Good-natured
38
The Big Five- Conscientiousness
Conscientious, Hard-working, Well-organized, Punctual
39
The Big Five- Neuroticism (Emotional Stability)
Worried, Temperamental, Self-conscious, Emotional
40
The Big Five- Openness
Imaginative, Creative, Original, Curious
41
Idiographic Theories
assert that using the same set of terms to classify all people is impossible.
42
Cardinal Trait
A trait that defines and dominates one’s personality and behaviour. A person’s cardinal trait could be sociability, because they’re always socializing.
43
Central Traits
Refer to general characteristics that form the foundation of someone. These are characteristics by which you might describe a person. They might be honest, hard-working, and punctual.
44
Secondary Traits
These are traits that are sometimes related to attitudes or preferences, and usually only appear in certain situations or under specific circumstances (e.g., panic attack during a public speech or anger while waiting in line).
45
Past Biology Hippocrates
believed that personality was determined by the relative levels of four humors (fluids) in the body; the humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
46
Present Biology
Genes, neurotransmitters, hormones, and other physiological characteristics determine how a person behaves.
47
Present Biology: Herability
a statistic that estimates the degree of genetic variation.
48
William Sheldon’s Somatotype Theory:
Sheldon identified three different body types and argued that certain personality traits were associated with each of the body types.
49
Somatotype Theory: Endomorph
Relaxed, sociable, tolerant, comfort-loving, peaceful Round and Plump
50
Somatotype Theory: Mesomorph
Active, assertive, vigorous, combative Muscular
51
Somatotype Theory: Ectomorph
Quiet, fragile, restrained, non-assertive, sensitive Lean and Delicate
52
Albert Bandura: reciprocal determinism.
factors, behaviors, and environment effect each other
53
Albert Bandura (Bobo Doll Experiment)
personality is created by an interaction between the person (traits), the environment, and the person’s behavior.
54
Bandura: self-efficey
is an individual's belief in his or her innate ability to achieve goals.
55
Personal-construct theory
argues that people, in their attempts to understand their world, develop their own, individual systems of personal constructs.
56
Julian Rotter: Locus of Control (LoC)
internal locus of control feel as if they are responsible for what happens to them. external locus of control generally believe that luck and other forces outside of their own control determine their destinies.
57
Humanistic: freewill
innately good and able to determine their own destinies
58
Humanistic: self-concept
made up of one’s ideas, self-knowledge, and the social self to form the self as whole.
59
Humanistic: self-esteem
reflects an individual’s overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth.
60
Abraham Maslow
Hierachry of Needs
61
Self-aculization
reaching your full potential as a person.
62
Projective tests
They involved asking people to interpret ambiguous stimuli.
63
Rorschach inkblot
involve showing people a series of inkbots
64
Thematic Apperception Test
Proponents of the technique assert that subjects’ responses, in the narratives they make up about ambiguous pictures of people, reveal their underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world.
65
Self-report Inventories
questionnaires that ask people to provide information about themselves.
66
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
10 clinical scales that assess dimensions of personality. Has 9 validity scales to detect response styles.
67
Barnum Effect
People have he tendency to see themselves in vague, stock descriptions of personality.

AP Psychology (3 decks)

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