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PSY805 > Personality & Stress > Flashcards

Personality & Stress Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of individual differences in the stress process?

A

Any external event can be a stressor, it’s just each persons appraisal and perception of the external event will determine the impact of stress on them

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2
Q

What are trait descriptive adjectives?

A

used to describe the characteristics of people

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3
Q

What are the three factors of personality?

A

1) Organized 2) Relatively Enduring 3) Influence the individual’s interactions with, and adaptations to, the intra-psychic, and physical and social environments”

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4
Q

What is the difference between psychological traits and current state?

A

Psychological traits describe how people generally are in a stable and consistent way, unlike current states, some traits are only activated during that specific state due to overpower.

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5
Q

What are the three advantages that we can get from using psychological traits?

A
  • Describe people
  • Explain behaviours
  • Predict future behaviours
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6
Q

How do we conceptualize traits? (explain introversion + extraversion example)

A

Traits exist as dimensions rather than categories > people can be both introverted and extraverted. If there were categories, it wouldn’t make sense, because some people can be both extraverted, but have completely different scores off of the cutoff of being an introvert.

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7
Q

What are the 5 big personality dimensions? (ACONE)

A

Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness, Neuroticism, Extraversion

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8
Q

3 traits of Openness

A

imaginative, curious, creative

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9
Q

3 traits of conscientiousness

A

competence, organized, thorough

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10
Q

3 traits of Extraversion

A

warmth, talkative, excited

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11
Q

3 traits of Agreeableness

A

trusting, kind, compliant

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12
Q

3 traits of Neuroticism

A

anxiety, hostility, depression

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13
Q

What is the Interactional Model of the Personality-Illness Connection? and what was the issue with it?

A

Objective events happen, but personality determines their impact by influencing (moderating) our abilities to cope; Researchers were unable to identify stable coping responses that were consistently adaptive/maladaptive

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14
Q

What is the Transactional Model of the Personality-Illness Connection?

A

There is a reciprocal influence between personality and events; personality effects 3 things 1) coping 2) appraisal 3) events themselves

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15
Q

What is the Health Behaviour Model of the Personality-Illness Connection?

A

Personality affects health indirectly, through health-promoting/degrading behaviours

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16
Q

What is mediation?

A

The effect of one variable on another due to a third variable.

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17
Q

What is the Predisposition Model of the Personality-Illness Connection?

A

Associations exist b/w personality and illness b/c of a third variable that is influencing both (ex: physiological responsiveness)

18
Q

What is the Illness Behaviour Model of the Personality-Illness Connection? and What Big 5 Personality is associated with this>

A

When personality influences the degree of perception on bodily sensations as illness; Neuroticism

19
Q

Which Personality-Illness model is most ideal?

A

None, as all of them are quite mutually exclusive, depends on sitatuation

20
Q

What are some consequences of having high neuroticism?

A

1) lower tolerance 2) negative emotions 3) negative affect 4) ineffective coping 5) lower happiness, life satisfaction & positive affect

21
Q

Low extraversion & high neuroticism = ?

A

Less responsive, higher levels of positive affect

22
Q

High conscientiousness = ?

A

reduced levels of perceived stress, more problem-focused coping

23
Q

Extraversion & conscientiousness = ?

A

Resilience

24
Q

High openness = ?

A

Reduced stress

25
Q

High agreeableness = ?

A

Self-compassion

26
Q

What are the 3 sub traits of the Type A personality?

A

1) Competitive achievement motivation 2) Time urgency 3) Hostility

27
Q

What is the non-hostile Type A behaviour pattern?

A
  • not prone to illness and is a “healthy”/positive version of Type A
28
Q

What part of the Type A personality is a strong predictor of CVD?

A

Hostility

29
Q

What part of the Type A personality is a strong predictor of CVD?

A

Hostility

30
Q

What are the two sub-traits of the Type D personality? and what three consequences is it associated with?

A

1) Negative Affectivity 2) Social inhibition; 1) depression 2) anxiety 3) chronic stress

31
Q

How does the Type D personality increase the risk for CVD

A

disturbances in brain’s stress response; exaggerated stress response with higher levels of cortisol, health behaviours and low social support

32
Q

What are the three cognitive elements of the Hardy Personality towards stress?

A

1) Control
2) Challenge
3) Commitment
- perceive stress + challenge as not threatening

33
Q

How is resilience associated with stress?

A

High resilience = high self-esteem/optimism = faster and effective recovery

34
Q

High neuroticism, low extraversion, low agreeableness, low conscientiousness, and low openness

A

Less effective coping

35
Q

High neuroticism = ?

A

Greater variety of unsuccessful coping strategies over time

36
Q

High conscientiousness

A

More active and problem-focused coping

37
Q

High extraversion and agreeableness = ?

A

More likely to use social support during stress, seek support, and display higher positive reappraisal

38
Q

Higher openness

A

associated with positive reappraisal & use of humour during stress

39
Q

What is high positive appraisal?

A

a positive coping strategy in which one focuses on the good in what is happening/has happened

40
Q

Optimism, extraversion, conscientiousness & openness + stress = ?

A

Engagement coping = dealing directly with a stressor

41
Q

Neuroticism + stress = ?

A

Disengagement coping = escaping & avoiding the stressor

PSY805 (3 decks)

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