Personality Questions Flashcards
What are the personality data types?
Self report
Observer report data
Test data
Life - outcome data
What is a self report
Questionnaire type
Can be structured or unstructured (yes/no or open-ended questions)
What’s the advantages and disadvantages of a self report
Adv
- lots of information gathered
- available anywhere/anytime
Disadv
- responders do not cooperate
- interpretation incorrectly
What is an observer report data?
Reported by people who know/don’t know them
Setting might be artificial or naturalistic
Uncontrolled situation
Advantages and disadvantages of observer report data
Adv
- external behaviour assessed
- variety of personality can be observed
Disadv
- costly
- potentially biased
What is test data?
Based in a lab
Tasks constructed to see certain personality traits in person
What are the advantages and disadvantages of test data?
Adv
- unique information can be obtained
- Controlled environment easy to measure
- tech based
Disadv
- participants modify behaviour
- researcher could influence participants during interaction
- interpretation could be problematic
What is life outcome data ?
Public records
Social activity
Advantages and disadvantages of life outcome data
Adv
- public records easy to obtain
Disadv
- many factors can affect the life outcome
What are the different approaches to studying traits?
Lexical approach
Statistical approach
Theoretical approach
Define lexical approach
Words describing individual differences
Define statistical approach
Using statistics to group words into clusters
Define theoretical approach
Theories provide investigation for selective characteristics
What is Situational consistency ?
Interaction between traits and between traits and situations
What is temporal consistency ?
Consistency over time
From infancy to adolescence some traits can be more consistent over time than others
What is cattells 16 personality factors?
Factor analysis (lexical approach) used to identify 16 basic behaviour factors
What is Eysencks pen model?
Based on theoretical and statistical approach Individuals vary on three dimensions - extraversion - neuroticism - psychoticism
What is wiggins circumplex model
Focus on how individuals differ
Provides detailed definition of interpersonal behaviour
Specified relationships between all traits
What is the big 5 model
Lexical and statistical approach
- surgency
- agreeableness
- conscientiousness
- emotional stability
- Intellect
What’s the relationship between genes and behaviour
Genes don’t directly cause behaviour Genes work through biological system to influence behaviour - brain structure - neural pathways - transmitters / hormones
What is selective breeding
Desired traits are bred
What is family studies?
Based on knowledge of shared genes between family members
What is objective anxiety
Dangers in external world
What is neurotic anxiety
Danger from within
Conflict with ID and ego
