Personality part 1 Flashcards
Define personality.
The unique, enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions.
What are the four perspectives on the study of personality?
- Psychodynamic theories
- Cognitive-social theories
- Humanistic theories
- Behavioural theories
What is the basis of psychodynamic theories?
A person’s behaviour is caused by the interaction of inner force, and unconscious thought.
What is the basic assumption of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
Unconscious and intrapsychic processes shape and drive a person’s behaviour.
What does intrapsychic mean
Being or occurring within the psyche, mind, or personality.
What was Sigmund Freuds theory about dreams?
Freud proposed that dreams represent the fulfilment of our wishes. He believed that through the interpretation of dreams, you could gain insight into the hidden parts of a person’s personality.
How is personality tested?
Using tests that meet scientific standards of reliability and validity.
What determines the reliability of a test?
It’s consistency
What are the three factors of contributing to a reliable test?
- Test-retest reliability: consistency over time
- Internal consistency
- Inter-rater reliability: consistent results between experimenters
What determines the validity of a test?
The test measures what its supposed to.
What are the four factors that contribute to the validity of a test?
- Face validity
- Content validity
- Criterion validity
- Construct validity
a. Convergent validity
b. Discriminant validity
Is a measurement valid if it is reliable?
No:
- Measures can be reliable but NOT valid
- If a measure is not reliable then it CANNOT be valid
What was the first comprehensive theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory
What are the four aspects of the Freudian theory of personality?
- Levels of consciousness
- Structural model of personality
- Defensive mechanisms
- Psychosexual development
What are the three Freudian levels of consciousness?
- Conscious
- Preconscious
- Unconscious
What are the three agencies of Freud’s structural model of personality?
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
Explain Freud’s concept of Id.
Id is:
* Present at birth
* Unconscious
* Eros and Thanatos
* Pleasure principle
* Immediate gratification
Explain Freud’s concept of Ego.
The Ego:
* Lies mainly in conscious and preconscious
* Mediates the demands of the id, superego and reality
* Reality principle