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MCAT psychology > personality, motivation, attitudes, and psychological disorders > Flashcards

personality, motivation, attitudes, and psychological disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Freuds psychosexual stages

A

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage (oedipus complex and electra complex), latency stage, genital stage

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2
Q

Erik Erikson’s stages

A

trust versus mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs despair

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3
Q

oral age

A

birth to 1

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4
Q

anal age

A

1-3 years old

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5
Q

phallic age

A

3-6

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6
Q

latency age

A

6-12

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7
Q

genital age

A

12-on

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8
Q

Trust vs mistrust age

A

birth to 1

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9
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt age

A

1-3 years

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10
Q

initiative vs guilt age

A

3-6 years

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11
Q

industry vs inferiority age

A

6-12 years

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12
Q

identity vs role confusion age

A

12-18

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13
Q

intimacy vs isolation age

A

18-35

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14
Q

generatively vs stagnation

A

35-60

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15
Q

integrity vs despair

A

60+

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16
Q

Humanistic approach developed by

A

carl rogers and focuses on healthy personality development

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17
Q

most basic motive of people in the humanistic theory

A

actualizing theory

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18
Q

behaviorist perspective

A

personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based on a person’s environment

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19
Q

difference between positive and negative reinforcement

A 
positive= presence of a rewarding stimulus 
negative= absence of aversive stimulus
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20
Q

difference between positive and negative punishment

A 
positive= presence of aversive stimulus 
negative= absence of rewarding stimulus
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21
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

personality is formed by a reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors

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22
Q

surface traits

A

are evident from a person’s behavior

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23
Q

source traits

A

are the things underlying human personality and behavior

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24
Q

five global factors

A

extroversion, anxiety, receptivity, accommodation, and self-control

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25
Q

five-factor model

A

Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

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26
Q

Hans Eysenck

A

postulated that person’s level of extroversion is based on individual differences in the reticular formation which mediates arousal and consciousness. Also postulated the difference in peoples neuroticism is based on individual differences in the limbic system

27
Q

Cloninger postulated that personality is

A

due to the differing levels of neurotransmitter

28
Q

person-situation controversy

A

considers the degree to which a person’s reaction in a given situation is due to their personality or is due to the situation itself

29
Q

drive reduction theory

A

a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce that need by engaging in some behavior

30
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem needs, self-actualization

31
Q

where does temperature regulation occur

A

in the hypothalamus

32
Q

Biopsychosocial approach to mental health

A

postulates that biology, sociocultural, and psychological influences all play a role in psychological disorders

33
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to feel pleasure

34
Q

dissociative disorders

A

are characterized by disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception

35
Q

personality disorders

A

enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior and cognition that depart from social normas

36
Q

cluster a personality disorders

A

paranoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder
schizotypal personality disorder

37
Q

cluster b personality disorder

A

antisocial personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
histrionic personality disorder
narcissistic personality disorder

38
Q

cluster c personality disorder

A

avoidant personality disorder
dependent personality disorder
obsessive compulsive personality disorder

39
Q

conversion disorder

A

where the psychological disorder gets converted into physical symptoms

40
Q

dissociative amnesia disorder

A

at least one episode of forgetting some important personal information creating gaps in memory that are usually related to severe stress or trauma

41
Q

depersonalization /derealization disorder

A

a person has a recurring feeling of being cut off or detached from his or her body or mental processes. derealization a person experiences a feeling that people or objects in the external world are unreal.

42
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

a person with paranoid personality disorder mistrusts and misinterprets others motives and actions without sufficient cause

43
Q

Schizoid Personality disorder

A

is a loner with little interest or involvement in close relationships even those with family members

44
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

has several traits that cause problems interpersonally including limited or inappropriate affect; magical or paranoid thinking, and odd beliefs, speech, behavior, appearance, and perceptions. only close confidants are family

45
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

suffers from enduring or recurrent instability in his or her impulse control, mood, and image of self and others

46
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

strongly desires to be the center of attention and often seeks to attract attention through personal appearance and seductive behavior

47
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

feels inadequate, inferior, and undesirable and is preoccupied with fears of criticism and conflict. The person feels ashamed and avoids interpersonal contact and new activities unless he or she is certain of being liked

48
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

feels a need to be taken care of by others and an unrealistic fear of being unable to take care of him or herself. The person also has trouble assuming responsibility and making decisions, preferring to gain approval by making others responsible and seeking others advice and reassurance regarding decisions

49
Q

stress-diathesis theory

A

posits that although there is a biological component of stress there is also a stressor component

50
Q

In schizophrenia what is the neurotransmitter that is most abundant

A

dopamine (positive signs)

51
Q

What is associated with the negative signs of schizophrenia

A

hypoactivation of the frontal lobe

52
Q

dementia

A

is a term used for severe loss of cognitive ability beyond what would be expected from normal aging

53
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

the inability to form new memories

54
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

most recent memories degrade first

55
Q

suspected causes of alzheimers disease

A

neuritic plaques such as hard formations of beta-amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary tangles (clumps of tau proteins)

56
Q

Neurotransmitter off in alzheimers

A

acetylocholine in the hippocampus

57
Q

Parkinsons disease is caused by

A

death of cells that produce dopamine in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia

58
Q

attitude

A

a person’s feelings and beliefs about other people or events around them and their tendency to react behaviorally based on those underlying evaluations

59
Q

three components of attitude

A

affect (emotion), behavior tendencies and cognition (thought)

60
Q

principle of aggregation

A

an attitude affects a person’s aggregate or average behavior but not necessarily each isolated act

61
Q

public declaration

A

attitudes that we publically declare even if we do not personally feel that way it may entrench those ideas further

62
Q

justification of effort

A

just as people may modify their attitudes to math their language they may also modify them to match their behaviors

63
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

explains that we feel tension whenever we hold two thoughts or beliefs that are incompatible or when attitudes and behaviors don’t match

MCAT psychology (7 decks)

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