personality, motivation, attitudes, and psychological disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Freuds psychosexual stages
A
oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage (oedipus complex and electra complex), latency stage, genital stage
2
Q
Erik Erikson’s stages
A
trust versus mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs despair
3
Q
oral age
A
birth to 1
4
Q
anal age
A
1-3 years old
5
Q
phallic age
A
3-6
6
Q
latency age
A
6-12
7
Q
genital age
A
12-on
8
Q
Trust vs mistrust age
A
birth to 1
9
Q
autonomy vs shame and doubt age
A
1-3 years
10
Q
initiative vs guilt age
A
3-6 years
11
Q
industry vs inferiority age
A
6-12 years
12
Q
identity vs role confusion age
A
12-18
13
Q
intimacy vs isolation age
A
18-35
14
Q
generatively vs stagnation
A
35-60
15
Q
integrity vs despair
A
60+
16
Q
Humanistic approach developed by
A
carl rogers and focuses on healthy personality development
17
Q
most basic motive of people in the humanistic theory
A
actualizing theory
18
Q
behaviorist perspective
A
personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based on a person’s environment
19
Q
difference between positive and negative reinforcement
A
positive= presence of a rewarding stimulus negative= absence of aversive stimulus
20
Q
difference between positive and negative punishment
A
positive= presence of aversive stimulus negative= absence of rewarding stimulus
21
Q
social cognitive perspective
A
personality is formed by a reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors
22
Q
surface traits
A
are evident from a person’s behavior
23
Q
source traits
A
are the things underlying human personality and behavior
24
Q
five global factors
A
extroversion, anxiety, receptivity, accommodation, and self-control
25
five-factor model
Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
26
Hans Eysenck
postulated that person's level of extroversion is based on individual differences in the reticular formation which mediates arousal and consciousness. Also postulated the difference in peoples neuroticism is based on individual differences in the limbic system
27
Cloninger postulated that personality is
due to the differing levels of neurotransmitter
28
person-situation controversy
considers the degree to which a person's reaction in a given situation is due to their personality or is due to the situation itself
29
drive reduction theory
a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce that need by engaging in some behavior
30
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem needs, self-actualization
31
where does temperature regulation occur
in the hypothalamus
32
Biopsychosocial approach to mental health
postulates that biology, sociocultural, and psychological influences all play a role in psychological disorders
33
anhedonia
inability to feel pleasure
34
dissociative disorders
are characterized by disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception
35
personality disorders
enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior and cognition that depart from social normas
36
cluster a personality disorders
paranoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder
schizotypal personality disorder
37
cluster b personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
borderline personality disorder
histrionic personality disorder
narcissistic personality disorder
38
cluster c personality disorder
avoidant personality disorder
dependent personality disorder
obsessive compulsive personality disorder
39
conversion disorder
where the psychological disorder gets converted into physical symptoms
40
dissociative amnesia disorder
at least one episode of forgetting some important personal information creating gaps in memory that are usually related to severe stress or trauma
41
depersonalization /derealization disorder
a person has a recurring feeling of being cut off or detached from his or her body or mental processes. derealization a person experiences a feeling that people or objects in the external world are unreal.
42
paranoid personality disorder
a person with paranoid personality disorder mistrusts and misinterprets others motives and actions without sufficient cause
43
Schizoid Personality disorder
is a loner with little interest or involvement in close relationships even those with family members
44
schizotypal personality disorder
has several traits that cause problems interpersonally including limited or inappropriate affect; magical or paranoid thinking, and odd beliefs, speech, behavior, appearance, and perceptions. only close confidants are family
45
borderline personality disorder
suffers from enduring or recurrent instability in his or her impulse control, mood, and image of self and others
46
histrionic personality disorder
strongly desires to be the center of attention and often seeks to attract attention through personal appearance and seductive behavior
47
avoidant personality disorder
feels inadequate, inferior, and undesirable and is preoccupied with fears of criticism and conflict. The person feels ashamed and avoids interpersonal contact and new activities unless he or she is certain of being liked
48
dependent personality disorder
feels a need to be taken care of by others and an unrealistic fear of being unable to take care of him or herself. The person also has trouble assuming responsibility and making decisions, preferring to gain approval by making others responsible and seeking others advice and reassurance regarding decisions
49
stress-diathesis theory
posits that although there is a biological component of stress there is also a stressor component
50
In schizophrenia what is the neurotransmitter that is most abundant
dopamine (positive signs)
51
What is associated with the negative signs of schizophrenia
hypoactivation of the frontal lobe
52
dementia
is a term used for severe loss of cognitive ability beyond what would be expected from normal aging
53
anterograde amnesia
the inability to form new memories
54
retrograde amnesia
most recent memories degrade first
55
suspected causes of alzheimers disease
neuritic plaques such as hard formations of beta-amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary tangles (clumps of tau proteins)
56
Neurotransmitter off in alzheimers
acetylocholine in the hippocampus
57
Parkinsons disease is caused by
death of cells that produce dopamine in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia
58
attitude
a person's feelings and beliefs about other people or events around them and their tendency to react behaviorally based on those underlying evaluations
59
three components of attitude
affect (emotion), behavior tendencies and cognition (thought)
60
principle of aggregation
an attitude affects a person's aggregate or average behavior but not necessarily each isolated act
61
public declaration
attitudes that we publically declare even if we do not personally feel that way it may entrench those ideas further
62
justification of effort
just as people may modify their attitudes to math their language they may also modify them to match their behaviors
63
cognitive dissonance theory
explains that we feel tension whenever we hold two thoughts or beliefs that are incompatible or when attitudes and behaviors don't match
