Personality, Motivation, Attitudes, and Psychological Disorders

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

individual pattern of thinking, feeling and behavior

Question 2

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 2

personality is shaped by unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories.

Question 3

sigmund freud

Answer 3

libido - life instinct - drives behaviors based on survival

deaht instinct - drives aggressive behaviors fueled by unconscious wish to hurt oneself or others

Question 4

id

Answer 4

unconscious
ruled by pleasure principle
reduce tension, gain pleasure
young children function with this

Question 5

ego

Answer 5

reality principle

uses logical thinking and planning to control id

Question 6

superego

Answer 6

inhibits id
follow idealistic goals/higher purpose
based on societal values

Question 7

ego defense mechanism

Answer 7

unconsciously deny/distort experiences . normal unless taken to extremes

Question 8

repression
denial
reaction formation
projection
displacement
rationalization
regression
sublimation

Answer 8

lack of recall of memory
refusal of acknowledging painful memory
expressing oppossite of what one feels, feel too dangerous to express reality
attributing thoughts feelings to others
redirecting aggressive/sexual impulses onto less dangerous one
explaining one’s impulsive behavior
reverting to an earlier less sophisticated behavior
channeling aggressive or sexual energies into a positive3 activities

Question 9

erik erikson

Answer 9

added social and interpersonal factors, 8 stages ranging from childhood to adulthood for unconscious conflict

Question 10

psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 10

insight into emotional issues and conflicts that present difficulty. 
talk therapy
freeassociation
role play
dream interp

Question 11

humanistic theory

Answer 11

healthy personality development
inherently good
have free will

Question 12

actualizing tendency

Answer 12

innate drive to enhance organism

Question 13

self actualization

Answer 13

realizing one’s human potential as long as there is no obstacle

Question 14

humanistic therapy

Answer 14

unconditional positive regard
empathy
trust in the client
use “client” instead of “patient”

Question 15

behaviorist perspective

Answer 15

personality is result of learned behavior patterns based on environment

Question 16

deterministic

Answer 16

people begin as blank slates, enviornmental reinforcement and punishment determine personality.
starts at childhood, continues through lifespan

Question 17

behavioral therapy

Answer 17

use conditionibng
ABC model - antecedents, consequences of behavior
relaxation training
systematic desensitization

Question 18

social cognitive perspective

Answer 18

personality formed by reciprocal interaction among behavioral cognitive and environmental factors

Question 19

observational learning/vicarious learning

Answer 19

when a person watches another person’s behaviors and its consequences

Question 20

CBT

Answer 20

persons feelings and behaviors are seen as reactions not to actual events but to person’s thoughts to those events
lives by self created subjects beliefs about him, others, world, and color interp of events
irrational dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs
goal to become aware of these and substitute rational or accurate beliefs and thoughts which lead to functional feelings and behaviors

Question 21

personality trait

Answer 21

stable predisposition toward a certain behavior

Question 22

surfaxce traits

Answer 22

evident from person’s behavior

Question 23

source traits

Answer 23

factors underlying human personality and behavior

Question 24

raymond cattell

Answer 24

factor anlaysis to find 16 surface traits and 5 global factors (source traits)

Question 25

5 factor model

Answer 25

extroversion, neroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness

Question 26

hans eysenck

Answer 26

extroversion is based on differences in reticular formation (arousal). introverts are stimulated more quickly.
neuroticism linked to limbic system
twin studies and adoption studies show some heritability

Question 27

jeffrey alan gray

Answer 27

personality is governed by interactions among three brain systems
fight and flight govern fear
behavioral inhibition linked with worry and anxiety
behavioral appraoch system linked to optimism and impulsivity

Question 28

C. Robert Cloninger

Answer 28

NT activity influences 3 activity systems

Question 29

person-situation controversy

Answer 29

degree to which a persons reaction to situation is due to personality or trait