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Psych Domain > Personality Disorders and Defense Mechanisms > Flashcards

Personality Disorders and Defense Mechanisms Flashcards

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0
Q

Dependent

A

Cluster C
Submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of
low self confidence
females>males

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1
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Personality

A

Cluster C
Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control
Ego-syntonic
Behavior consistent with one’s own beliefs and attitudes (vs OCD)

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2
Q

Passive aggression

A

immature defense mechanism

expressing aggression towards others by passively refusing to meet their needs

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3
Q

Personality Disorder

A

inflexible, maladaptive, and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing subjective distress and/or impaired functioning, person is usually not aware of the problem
Usually presents by early adulthood

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4
Q

Sublimation

A

mature defense mechanism
Replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one’s value system (vs reaction formation)
not harmful to society

Primary goal is to convert negative emotions into productive activity not to benefit others

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5
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

dramatic and erratic
Characteristics: labile, unpredictable, impulsive, difficulty establishing and maintaining relationships
Interpersonal crisis, depression, anxiety-bring to clinical presentation
Genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse

Co-morbidity: substance abuse

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6
Q

Histrionic

A 
Cluster B
excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Excessive excitability
Sexually provocative
Overly concerned with appearance 
Females>males
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7
Q

Cluster C

A

anxious and fearful
Characteristics: anxious, timid, perfectionist, conflict avoidant
Presentation: depression, anxiety, somatic complaints

Co-morbidity: anxiety and social avoidance

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8
Q

When to consider borderline personality

A

Adolescence: cutting, eating disorder, depression, suicide attempts
Young Adult: multiple crises, hospitalizations
Later adult: diminished impulsivity but identity disturbance persists

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9
Q

Environmental convergence

A

Abuse and maltreatment in cluster B
Histrionic
dependent

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10
Q

Avoidant

A

Cluster C
Social inhibition,
feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Timid,
desires relationships with others (vs schizoid)

Fear of being judged, avoids interactions, no intimate relationships, believes self to be inept

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11
Q

Psychopaths and crimes

A

65% of offenders are antisocial
25% are psychopaths
tend to engage in predatory, dispassionate, and instrumental violence,
Motivated by greed, vengenance, anger, retribution, sadism, and money

Non-psychopaths tend to engage in reactive violence: they batter, sexually assault or use weapons against female relatives
Motivated by anger, jealousy, or sexual arousal

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12
Q

Fixation

A

immature defense mechanism

partially remaining at a more childish level of development (vs regression)

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13
Q

defense mechanism associated with antisocial

A

rationalization

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14
Q

Schizotypal

A

Cluster A
Acute discomfort in close relationships
cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
eccentric appearance, odd beliefs or magical thinking
Interpersonal awkwardness

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15
Q

Paranoid

A

Cluster A
Distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motivves are interpreted as malevolent
More than 1 hour
Projection is major defense mechanism

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16
Q

Suppression

A

Mature defense mechanism

Intentional withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (vs. repression)

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17
Q

Projection

A

Immature defense mechanism

attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source (vs. displacement)

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18
Q

Repression

A

immature defense mechanism
Involuntary withholding an idea or feeling from conscious
awareness (vs. suppression)
Person cannot remember past traumatic event

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19
Q

Altruism

A

Mature defense mechanism

Alleviating guilty feelings by unsolicited generosity toward others

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20
Q

Borderline

A

Cluster B
instability in interpersonal relationshiops, self image and affects
Abandonment fears
Marked impulsivity (sex, spending, substances, reckless driving, binge eating)
Unstable mood
Self mutilation, boredom, sense of emptiness
Females>males
Splitting is major defense mechanism
PTSD common co-morbidity

Structural Brain imaging: chagnes in anterior cingulate gyrus and orbital frontal cortex in both brain volume and white matter coherence
Amygdala hyper responds to emotion

21
Q

Schizoid

A

Cluster A
voluntary social withdrawal
Restricted range of emotional expression
Content with social isolation (vs avoidant)

22
Q

Reaction formation

A

immature defense mechanism

replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an (unconsciously derived) emphasis on its opposite (vs. sublimation)

23
Q

isolation of affect

A

immature defense mechanism

separating feelings from ideas and events

24
Q

Denial

A

immature defense mechanism

avoiding the awareness of some painful reality

25
Q

Projective identification

A

immature defense mechanism

modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful (not always admirable person)

26
Q

Splitting

A

immature defense mechanism
believing that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity. commonly seen in borderline personality disorder
increase in suicide
Very high and very low

27
Q

Undoing

A

immature defense mechanism

symbolically nullifying or guilt provoking thought or feeling by confession or atonement

28
Q

Dissociation

A

immature defense mechanism
immature defense mechanism
temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness or motor behavior to avoid emotional

29
Q

Acting out

A

immature defense mechanism

expressing unacceptable feelings and thought through actions

30
Q

rationalization

A

immature defense mechanism

proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed fro other reasons, usually to avoid self-blame

31
Q

Regression

A

immature defense mechanism

turning back the maturational clock and going back t earlier modes of dealing with the world (vs fixation)

32
Q

defense mechanism associated with obsessive

A

isolation of affect

33
Q

defense mechanism associated with borderline

A

splitting

34
Q

Defense mechanism associated with histrionic

A

repression

35
Q

defense mechanism associated with paranoid

A

projection

36
Q

Humor

A

mature defense mechanism

Appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety provoking or adverse situation

37
Q

Intellectualization

A

immature defense mechanism

suppressing a feeling by using facts and figures

38
Q

Passive Aggression

A

Expressing aggression towards others by passively refusing to meet their needs

39
Q

Fantasy

A

Substitution of an imaginary scenario to protect oneself from overwhelming feelings

40
Q

Cluster A personality

A

odd and eccentric
Characteristics: distrusting, misinterpret others, odd and idiosyncratic beliefs, social isolation-inability to develop meaningful social relationships
No psychosis
Genetic association with Schizophrenia

Presentation: do not generally self present for treatment; family members encourage, hostility, suspiciousness, conflict with others

Co-morbidity: transient psychotic symptoms

41
Q

Antisocial

A

Disregard for and violation of rights of others
Failure to conform to social norms
Deceitful, repeated lying, conning behavior
Reckless disregard for safety of others or self
Lack of remorse and rationalization of inappropriate behavior
criminality, impulsivity
Males>females
Must be >18 years old and have history of conduct disorder before age of 15

Reductions in structure and function have right orbitofrontal cortex, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right anterior cingulate cortex
OFC region results in poor response inhibition and poor decision making
Dysfunctin in dorsolateral region results in executive deficiencies
Dysfunction in medial prefrontal cortex affect emotions of guilt, embarrassment, and compassion
Structural function disruptions in amygdala associated with impaired processing of emotions (associating harmful actions with pain and distress)

42
Q

Displacement

A

immature defense mechanism

transferring avoided ideas and feelings to some neutral person or object (vs projection)

43
Q

Narcissistic

A 
Cluster B
grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Sense of entitlement
Often demands the best 
reacts to criticism with rage
44
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Previously neutral stimulus elicits response after association with a natural unlearned stimulus

45
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Behavior becomes associated with an environmental consequence

46
Q

Positive punishment

A

Giving a punishment decreases behavior

47
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removal of reward decreases behavior

48
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Giving a reward increases behavior

49
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removal of consequence increases behavior

Psych Domain (2 decks)

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