Personality Disorders Flashcards
what is personality
Collection of traits that represent enduring patterns of thought, emotion and behavior that makes you unique. – It's the way one views, understands and relates to the outside world, as well as how one sees him or herself.
Categorical and Dimensional Models
• Five factor model of personality (“Big Five”) – Openness to experience – Conscientiousness – Extraversion – Agreeableness – Emotional stability • Cross-cultural research establishes the universal nature of the five dimensions
Big Five
– Openness to experience – Conscientiousness – Extraversion – Agreeableness – Emotional stability -Neuroticism (even tempered vs. moody) OCEAN
fun fact about Personality disorders
- more controversial than any other DSM-5 disorder
- can’t be diagnosed with PD until you are 18yrs+
What is a personality disorder?
– Inflexible pattern of inner experience & outward behavior
– Pattern is persistent; seen in most interactions, differs from
the experiences and behaviors usually expected, and
continues for years
– Can lead to psychological pain for the individual
– May cause difficulties in work and relationships
• These patterns are not typically marked by changes in
intensity or periods of clear improvement
DMS-5 Criteria
The DSM-5 identifies ten personality disorders and
separates these into three groups or “clusters”:
– Odd or eccentric behavior
• Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
– Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior
• Antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality
disorders
– Anxious or fearful behavior
• Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality
disorders
odd & eccentric behavior cluster one
• Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior cluster two
Antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality
disorders
anxious or fearful behavior cluster three
• Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality
disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A. pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of other such that their
motives are interpreted as malevolent beginning in early adulthood and
indicated by four or more of the following:
– suspects, without sufficient basis, others are exploiting, deceiving,
or harming him
– preoccupied with unjust doubts about loyalty of friends or associates
– won’t confide in others lest info be used against him
– reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign
remarks or events
– bears a grudge, is unforgiving of slights
– perceives attacks on his character that others don’t and is quick to
counterattack
– recurrent suspicions about fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
B. Does not occur exclusively within schizophrenia
Know the most about
- Antisocial (all in jail)
- Borderline (all in patient hospital care)
Paranoid Personality Disorder overview and clinical features
– Pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspicion
– Preoccupied with doubts about loyalty or trustworthiness
– Reluctant to confide in others (used against them)
– Bears grudges
– Reads into “hidden meaning” of benign remarks
the causes of paranoid personality disorder
– Biological and psychological contributions are unclear
– Early learning that the world is a dangerous place
very little genetic component
Treatment options for paranoid personality disorder
– Few seek professional help on their own
– Treatment focuses on development of trust
– Cognitive therapy to counter negativistic thinking
– Lack good outcome studies
Schizoid Personality Disorder
A. Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships
and restricted range of emotions in interpersonal settings
beginning in early adulthood and indicated by 4 or more:
– Almost always chooses solitary activities
– Has little interest in sex
– Takes pleasure in few if any, activities
– Lacks close friends or confidants (other than family)
– Appears indifferent to praise or criticism
– Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including
family
– Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened
affect
B. Does not occur exclusively within schizophrenia
overview and clinical features of Schizoid Personality Disorder
– Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships
– Very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations
– Emotional coldness, detachment
– Socially awkward
– Indifferent to criticism or praise
Hermits of the world - & like jobs where they don’t have to talk to anyone
the causes of Schizoid Personality Disorder
– Etiology is unclear
– Preference for social isolation resembles autism
-little genetic component
treatment options for Schizoid Personality Disorder
– Few seek professional help on their own
– Focus on the value of interpersonal relationships
– Building empathy and social skills
– Lack good outcome studies
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
A. Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits, reduced capacity
for close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, eccentric
behavior beginning and early adulthood indicated by 5 or more of the
following:
– Ideas of reference
– Odd beliefs or magical thinking
– Unusual perceptual experiences (respond to people’s energy)
– Vague, metaphorical or stereotyped speech
– Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
– Inappropriate or constricted affect
– Behavior or appearance that is odd or eccentric
– Lack of close friends or confidants
– Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity
B. Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia
Eccentrics of the world
