Personality Disorders Flashcards
Schizotypal versus Schizoid? re:
- -appearance
- -beliefs/interests
- -work careers
- -relationships/intimacy
Schizotypal
- flamboyantly odd appearance
- magical thinking, witchcraft, paranormal
- lack of close friends
- suspiciousness
- inappropriate affect
Schizoid
- pattern of detachment and restricted emotions
- lack of desire for relationships/sexual intimacy
- can be successful in an isolated occupation
“Schizotypals dress like pickles; Schizoids like to avoid”
Conduct Disorder
When does it begin?
Dx requires symptoms in 3 of what four categories of symptoms?
Conduct Disorder
begins in childhood
four categories of symptoms:
1) aggression towards people/animals
2) destruction of property
3) deceitfulness or theft
4) serious violation of rules
Antisocial Personality Disorder
-disregard for & violation of the rights of others
- failure to conform to social/legal norms –> arrest
- deceitfulness (eg, lying, aliases, conning others)
- impulsivity/failure to plan
- irritable & aggressive (eg, fights)
- reckless disregard for safety of self/others
- irresponsibility towards work/financial obligations
- lack of remorse
When does it begin?
How old for dx?
Antisocial PD
- failure to conform to social/legal norms –> arrest
- deceitfulness (eg, lying, aliases, conning others)
- impulsivity/failure to plan
- irritable & aggressive (eg, fights)
- reckless disregard for safety of self/others
- irresponsibility towards work/financial obligations
- lack of remorse
onset after age 15; must be 18+ for dx
-evidence of conduct disorder before age 15
Paranoid Personality Disorder
- general distrust of others; requires 4+
1. suspicion (no evidence) that others are exploiting/deceiving
2. preoccupation with doubts about loyalty/trustworthiness of acquaintances
3. reluctance to confide in others
4. interpretation of benign remarks as threatening or demeaning
5. persistence of grudges
6. perception of attacks on character not apparent to others; quick to counterattack
7. recurrence of suspicious regarding fidelity of lover
How to differentiate from paranoid schizophrenia? (re: delusions, psychosis?)
PPD (Cluster A)
- -no fixed delusions
- -not frankly psychotic
- suspicion (no evidence) that others are exploiting/deceiving
- preoccupation with doubts about loyalty/trustworthiness of acquaintances
- reluctance to confide in others
- interpretation of benign remarks as threatening or demeaning
- persistence of grudges
- perception of attacks on character not apparent to others; quick to counterattack
- recurrence of suspicious regarding fidelity of lover
Avoidant Personality Disorder
- -social inhibition; intense fear of rejection; 4+
1. avoid occupations with interpersonal contact due to fear of rejection
2. unwilling to interact unless certain of being liked
3. cautious of interpersonal relationships
4. preoccupied with being criticized/rejected in social situations
5. inhibited in new social situations because feels inadequate
6. believes self to be socially inept/inferior
7. reluctant to engage in new activities for fear of embarrassment
Avoidant PD versus…
……Schizoid PD? re: companionship
……Social Phobia? re: nature of fear
……Dependent PD? re: relationship seeking
Avoidant PD versus Schizoid PD
–APD desire companionship but extremely shy; Schizoid PD have no desire for companionship
Avoidant PD versus Social Phobia/SAD
- both involve fear of social situations
- -Social phobia involves fear of embarrassment in specific social setting; APD = overall fear/sense of inadequacy
Avoidant PD versus Dependent PD
- both cling to relationships
- -APD = slow to get involved; DPD = aggressively seek relationships
Narcissistic PD: sense of superiority; need for admiration; lack of empathy; exploit others for own gain; envious of others or believes others are envious of self
Narcissistic PD versus Antisocial PD regarding motivation to exploit others?
Narcissistic PD: exploit others; desire status & recognition
Antisocial PD: exploit others; desire material gain or simply the subjugation of others
Histrionic PD: excessive emotionality; attention-seeking behavior; unable to form long-lasting & meaningful relationships; perceives relationships as more intimate than they actually are
- What defense mechanism is often present?
- How to differentiate with Borderline PD in terms of mood, psychotic symptoms, and functionality?
Histrionic PD: excessive emotionality; attention-seeking behavior; unable to form long-lasting & meaningful relationships; perceives relationships as more intimate than they actually are
- Regression
- BPD more likely to suffer from…
…depression
…brief psychotic episodes
…less functional / more suicide attempts
Cluster A Personality Disorders
–eccentric, peculiar, withdrawn
- Familial association?
- Three PDs?
Cluster A Personality Disorders
–eccentric, peculiar, withdrawn
- Familial association with psychotic disorders
- Schizoid PD, Schizotypal PD, Paranoid PD
Cluster B Personality Disorders
–emotional, dramatic, inconsistent
- Familial association?
- Four PDs?
Cluster B Personality Disorders
–emotional, dramatic, inconsistent
- Familial association with mood disorders
- Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Histrionic PD, Narcissistic PD
Cluster C Personality Disorders
–anxious, fearful
- Familial association?
- Three PDs?
Cluster C Personality Disorders
–anxious, fearful
- Familial association with anxiety disorders
- Avoidant PD, Dependent PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD
Distinguish between Schizoid PD and Avoidant PD with regards to personal relationships.
Avoidant PD: desire relationships with others, but afraid to reach out; they’re distressed/confused
Schizoid PD: do not feel need for relationships
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others; often interpret motives as malevolent; pathologically jealous; blame their own problems on others
Dx & Cluster?
Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Impulsive Moody Paranoid under stress Unstable self-image Labile, intense relationships (love-hate) Suicidal Inappropriate anger Vulnerable to abandonment Emptiness
Dx & Cluster?
Borderline Personality Disorder
Cluster B
poor self-confidence; fear of separation; excessive need to be taken care of; difficulty initiating projects or making decisions; needs to be in a relationship
Dx & Cluster?
Dependent Personality Disorder
Cluster C
pervasive pattern of perfectionism, inflexibility, orderliness; preoccupation with details, rules, lists; excessive devotion to work; excessive scrupulousness about morals; will not delegate tasks; unable to discard worthless objects
Dx & Cluster?
OCPD versus OCD re: ego-syntonic/dystonic?
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Cluster C
OCPD = ego-syntonic OCD = ego-dystonic (aware they have a problem, wish it would go away)
