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Psychiatry > Content/Vocabulary Questions > Flashcards

Content/Vocabulary Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

=ideas of reference, grossly disorganized speech/behavior, delusions, hallucinations

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2
Q

What are 5 negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (5 A’s)

A

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
=flat affect, alogia, avolition, poor attention, anhedonia

alogia = diminished flow and spontaneity of speech
avolition = lack of initiative or goals
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3
Q

What are 3 extrapyramidal symptoms?

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

EPS:

1) dystonia (spasms) of face, neck, and tongue
2) parkinsonism (resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
3) akathisia (restlessness)

Tardive dyskinesia: darting/writhing movements of face, tongue, and head

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4
Q

Postpartum: Blues v Depression v Psychosis

What # child?
Onset?
Thoughts about hurting baby?
Depressive/psychotic symptoms?
Treatment?
A

Blues: any child; begins right after birth; no hurtful thoughts; mild depression; no tx

Depression: usually 2nd child; begins within 1 mo & may continue; may have hurtful thoughts; severe depression; tx: antidepressant

Psychosis: usually 1st child; begins within 1 mo & may continue; may have hurtful thoughts; severe depressive & psychotic symptoms; tx: antidepressants & mood stabilizers, or antipsychotics

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5
Q

sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone; often associated with intense emotion; often associated with narcolepsy

A

Cataplexy

NB: Don’t confuse with catalepsy = unprovoked muscular rigidity

NB: aplexy = loss of tone; alepsy = rigid

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6
Q

Hypnagogic versus Hypnopompic hallucinations?

A

Hypnagogic hallucination: when transitioning to sleep
(GO to sleep)

Hypnopompic hallucination: when transitioning from sleep
(POP out of bed)

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7
Q

a character deficit perceived by the patient as objectionable, distressing, or inconsistent to the self

A

Ego-Dystonic

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8
Q

a character deficit perceived by the patient to be acceptable, unobjectionable, or consistent to the self; the patient tends to blame others for problems that occur; this is the case in personality disorders

A

Ego-Syntonic

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9
Q

meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words

meaningless repetition or imitation of another person’s movements

A

Echolalia

Echopraxia

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10
Q

motiveless resistance to all attempts to be moved or to all instructions

A

Negativism

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11
Q

repetitive fixed pattern of physical action, movement, or speech

A

Stereotypy

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12
Q

Two conditions with which Tourette’s is often associated?

A

ADHD, OCD

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13
Q

misinterpretation of an external stimulus

sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus

A

Illusion
-misinterpretation of an external stimulus

Hallucination
-sensory perception in the absence of an external stimulus

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14
Q

EPS

sudden, sustained contraction of the neck, face, mouth, or eye muscles

A

Acute Dystonic Reaction

Tx: benztropine, diphenhydramine

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15
Q

EPS

subjective restlessness, inability to sit still

A

Akathisia

Tx: benzodiazepene, beta blocker

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16
Q

EPS

gradual onset 1-6 months after beginning; dyskinesia of the mouth, face, extremities

A

Tardive dyskinesia

No effective tx

17
Q

EPS

gradual onset; tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, masked facies

A

Parkinsonism

Tx: benztropine, diphenhydramine

18
Q

Neurotransmitter changes associated with anxiety?

–NE? GABA? Serotonin?

A

Neurotransmitter changes associated with anxiety

  • -increased NE
  • -decreased GABA, serotonin
19
Q

Neurotransmitter changes associated with depression?

–NE, serotonin, dopamine?

A

Neurotransmitter changes associated with depression

  • -decreased NE
  • -decreased serotonin
  • -decreased dopamine
20
Q

ACh changes in Alzheimer Disease?

ACh changes in Parkinson Disease?

A 
Alzheimer = decreased ACh
Parkinson = increased ACh
21
Q
  • -sporadic mutation of GNAQ
  • -port-wine stain on face
  • -ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
  • -tram track Ca2+
  • -retardation, glaucoma, seizures
  • -“encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis”

Dx?

A

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

“encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis”

22
Q
  • -AD mut
  • -hamartomas in CNS/skin
  • -angiofibromas
  • -mitral regurgitation
  • -ash-leaf spots
  • -cardiac rhabdomyoma
  • -renal angiomyolipoma
  • -retardation, seizures
A

Tuberous Sclerosis

23
Q
  • -mut NF1 tsg on chromosome 17
  • -cafe-au-lait spots
  • -Lisch nodules (pigmented iris hamartomas)
  • -neurofibromas in skin
  • -optic gliomas
  • -pheochromocytomas
A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

von Recklinghausen Disease

24
Q

Sleep terror, Sleep walking
–what sleep stages?

Nightmares
–what sleep stage?

A

Sleep terror, Sleep walking
–Stages 3-4 (deep sleep)

Nightmares
–REM sleep

25
Q

Prognostic Factors in Schizophrenia

Better Prognosis

  • -later onset
  • -acute onset
  • -female sex
  • -good premorbid functioning
  • -positive or negative symptoms?
  • -presence of mood symptoms?
A

Prognostic Factors in Schizophrenia

Better Prognosis

  • -later onset
  • -acute onset
  • -female sex
  • -good premorbid functioning
  • -positive symptoms
  • -presence of mood symptoms

NB: CT scans show enlargement of ventricles; diffuse cortical atrophy

NB: Schizophrenia associated with

  • -ELEVATED 5-HT, NE
  • -DECREASED GABA; Glutamate Rs
26
Q

Which pathway is involved in movement disorder pathogenesis in Parkinson Disease?

A

Nigrostriatal Pathway

–Parkinson Disease

27
Q

Increased dopamine activity in which pathway is responsible for delusions and hallucinations of schizophrenia and the euphoria of addictive illicit drugs?

A

Mesolimbic Pathway

–increased dopamine activity in schizophrenia, euphoria associated with illicit drugs

28
Q

In which pathway does dopamine inhibit prolactin production?

A

Tuberoinfundibular Pathway
–dopamine blocks prolactin productioin

Antipsychotics block dopamine; thus increase prolactin

29
Q

Children who have separation anxiety disorder have substantial risk of developing what two psychiatric illnesses?

A

Separation Anxiety Disorder can lead to…

  • -Major Depression during young adulthood (75%)
  • -Panic Disorder as adults

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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