Personality Disorders

Question 1

What is the lifetime prevalence of personality disorders?

Answer 1

12%

Question 2

When personality rigidity reaches a point where it significantly, consistently, and chronically interferes with daily functioning, or causes significant distress to the individual and those around him/her, a ____________ may be diagnosed.

Answer 2

a personality disorder.

KEY: interfering with the life of the patient or those around them.

Question 3

_____________ are characterized by an enduring pattern on experience and behavior that is maladaptive, inflexible, and pervasive, affecting the individual across a broad range of personal and social situations and deviating markedly from the expectations of an individual’s culture.

Answer 3

Personality Disorders

Question 4

To make a diagnosis of a personality disorder, a patient’s rigid and maladaptive patterns must lead to ______________.

Answer 4

must lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Question 5

By definition, personality disorders begin by _____________ and are persistent across time.

Answer 5

adolescence or young adulthood

Question 6

The DSM-5 specifies that to meet diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder, personality rigidity must manifest in >= 2 of the following 4 areas of psychological functioning:

Answer 6

1. Cognition
2. Affectivity
3. Interpersonal functioning
4. Impulse control

Question 7

What are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?

Answer 7

Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful

Question 8

What personality disorders are in Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric?

Answer 8

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

Question 9

What personality disorders are in Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic?

Answer 9

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

Question 10

What personality disorders are in Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful?

Answer 10

Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive Compulsive

Question 11

Cluster ____________ personality disorders are profound problems in interpersonal relationships, characterized by severe mistrust or lack of interest in others and a tendency towards paranoid or idiosyncratic thinking in the absence of frank psychosis. These its rarely seek psychiatric treatment.

Answer 11

Cluster A: Odd and Eccentric (involving Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypcal PDs)

Question 12

The features shared by Cluster __________ include emotional reactivity, poor impulse control, and an unclear sense of identity. Patients with borderline, narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorders also classically have high levels of aggression.

Answer 12

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic (including Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic PDs).

Question 13

What is the prevalence of borderline personality disorder?

Answer 13

estimated at approximately 1.6-5.9% (6% in primary care settings).

Question 14

The key features of ___________ are emotional dysregulation, pathology of interpersonal relationships, and poor impulse control, often associated w recurrent self-destructive behavior and a poorly integrated and unstable sense of self.

Answer 14

borderline personality disorder

Question 15

What is the prevalence of narcissistic personality disorder?

Answer 15

0-6.2%

Question 16

Is narcissistic personality disorder diagnosed more frequently in men or women?

Answer 16

Narcissistic personality disorder is diagnosed more commonly in men.

Question 17

The core features of ___________ are a grandiose sense of self, fantasies of unlimited success and power, and excessive need for admiration from others. Underneath this, these patients are often plagued by painful feelings of inferiority and envy.

Answer 17

narcissistic personality disorder

Question 18

What is the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 18

1.7% of the population

Question 19

Is antisocial personality disorder more common in women or men?

Answer 19

Antisocial personality disorder is MUCH more common in men than women. Specifically, it is greatest among men with alcohol use disorders and in individuals affected by adverse socioeconomic events/factors.

Question 20

The core feature of _________ is a pervasive pattern of behavior reflecting disregard for and violation of the rights of others.

Answer 20

antisocial personality disorder

Question 21

Matt has been a “troublemaker” for nearly his entire life. He has served several jail sentences for stealing, lying to police officers, speeding at 130 miles per hour and therefore crashing into a car and killing the driver of that car. Upon speaking to him, he does not seem to have remorse for these actions, and believes that you have to be tough in this world to survive. He is irritable, aggressive, and has a lack of concern for the consequences of his actions. What personality disorder does Matt have, and which diagnostic criteria does he exhibit?

Answer 21

Matt has antisocial personality disorder. Diagnostic criteria include: engaging in repeated illegal acts, lying, conning or use of aliases, reckless disregard for the safety of self and/or others, a lack of remorse for the unlawful, dishonest, destructive, or exploitative acts.

Many individuals with antisocial PD show evidence of impulsivity, irritability, aggressiveness, and lack of concern for the consequences of their actions.

Question 22

The key features shared by Cluster _____ personality disorders is a propensity towards anxiety.

Answer 22

Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful (including Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive Compulsive PDs)

Question 23

What is the prevalence of avoid ant personality disorder?

Answer 23

2.4%

Question 24

Is avoidant personality disorder more common in men or women?

Answer 24

Avoidant personality disorder is more common in women.

Question 25

Rebecca has been shy since she was a baby. Her mother remembers that several of her siblings were also shy, but “grew out of it” as they got older. On the contrary, Rebecca became increasingly shy during adolescence and early adulthood. As an adult, she is now diagnosed with ______ as she exhibits the key features of this disorder: social inhibitions, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism. She genuinely wants to have strong relationships with others, but anticipates being ridiculed rejected, or humiliated. She is fearful and uncomfortable in social situations. She appears anxious, awkward, and timid in your office.

Answer 25

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Question 26

What is the prevalence of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

Answer 26

2.1-7.9%.

Question 27

Is obsessive compulsive personality disorder more common among men or women?

Answer 27

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder is diagnosed TWICE as often in men.

Question 28

Mitch is a partner in a law firm and meticulous and detail-oriented to a fault. He spends twice as long preparing documents as his fellow lawyers do. He exhibits the key features of _______________, including a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, in the setting of severe emotional constriction. He is a faithful and responsible husband and father, but he does not particularly enjoy being with his family and does not show much emotion.

Answer 28

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Question 29

The cluster ________ personality disorders are among the more severe of the personality disorders, associated with profound compromise in functioning across many domains and across the lifespan. Interpersonal functioning is always clearly compromised; individuals tend to lead isolated lives. Work functioning is also usually impaired. It is important to identify and treat _______ symptoms in cluster A patients.

Answer 29

Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric, including Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal

It is important to identify and treat psychotic symptoms in these pts.

Question 30

Even though individuals with ________ often present with impulsive and self-destructive behaviors, some of these patients have a relatively favorable prognosis.

Answer 30

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic (including Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic PDs)

Question 31

Of the Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Disorders, patients with _____________ disorder tend to have the best prognosis while patients with ______ disorder tends to have the worst prognosis. Individuals with ______ fall in between.

Answer 31

Histrionic PD: best prognosis
Antisocial PD: worst prognosis
Borderline and Narcissistic: somewhere in between.

Question 32

Along with Histrionic Personality Disorder of Cluster B, patients with Cluster _______ disorders also carry a relatively favorable prognosis.

Answer 32

Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful, (Including Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorders)

Question 33

What are the key features of narcissistic personality disorder?

Answer 33

• grandiose sense of self
• fantasies of unlimited success and power
• excessive need for admiration from others
• underneath this, patients are often plagues by painful feelings of inferiority and envy