Personality Disorders Flashcards

Question

guide for nurses for schizoid patients

Answer 1

--avoid being too "nice" or "friendly" --do not try to increase socialization --assess for symptoms the patient is reluctant to discuss --protect against group's ridicule

Answer 2

--cold --aloof --blank --zombie-like --dead --forgettable --impossible to talk to or interview

Answer 3

--pattern of social and interpersonal deficits evidenced by acute discomfort --reduced capacity for close relationships --eccentric behavior --ideals of reference --odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior --perceptual alterations --odd thinking and speech --suspiciousness or paranoid ideation --stiff, inappropriate, or constricted interactions --odd or eccentric behavior or appearance --few close friends --anxiety in social situations

Answer 4

incorrect interpretations of events as having special personal meaning

Answer 5

--more common in men --abnormalities in brain structure, physiology, chemistry, and functioning like schizophrenia

Answer 6

--severe symptoms = treatment like schizophrenia with low-dose antipsychotics --increase self worth --social skills training --reinforce socially appropriate behavior and dress --enhance cognitive skills

Answer 7

--respect the individual's need for social isolation --be aware of individual's suspiciousness and employ appropriate interventions --perform in-depth assessment to uncover underlying symptoms --be aware of strange beliefs and activities

Answer 8

--strange --eccentric --oddly anxious --inside own head --different --crazy or a genius --entertaining --confusing --full of odd incongruent statements --good, kind people -- just weird

Answer 9

--pervasive patterns of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect --frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment --pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships --identity disturbances --impulsivity in potentially self-damaging areas --recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats --affective instability --chronic feelings of emptiness --inappropriate, intense anger --transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociation --starts by early adulthood --view themselves as victims

Answer 10

--defense mechanism where the individual is unable to integrate and accept both positive and negative feelings --people including themselves and life situations are either all good or all bad

Answer 11

--masters at manipulation --basically any behavior becomes an acceptable means of achieving the desired result: relief from separation anxiety

Answer 12

--common among BPD patients --about 1 in 10 die by suicide --repetitive, self-mutilative behaviors, cutting, scratching, and burning --most are manipulative gestures designed to elicit a rescue response from others --suicide attempts are commonly the result of feeling abandoned

Answer 13

--85% of BPD patients have another mental illness (substance abuse, MDD, anxiety)

Answer 14

--CNS dysfunction --possible structural anomalies associated with affective instability, transient psychotic episodes, and impulsive, aggressive, and suicidal behavior

Answer 15

--psychoanalytic theory --maladaptive cognitive processes

Answer 16

--separation-individuation --projective identification

Answer 17

develop dysfunctional beliefs and maladaptive schemas leading to misinterpretation of environmental stimuli

Answer 18

can be viewed as the psychological birth of an infant, which occurs over a period when the child separates from the mother and begins to individuate

Answer 19

--rapid and extreme shifts in moods --core characteristic --erratic emotional responses to situations and intense sensitivity to criticism or perceived slights --moody, irresponsible, or intense

Answer 20

--no sense of own identity and direction --manifested by chronic feelings of emptiness and boredom --direct actions in accord with wishes of others

Answer 21

--extreme fear of abandonment as well as history of unstable insecure attachments --idealize others, establish intense relationships that violate others' interpersonal boundaries which then leads to rejection --intense shame and self-hatred follow --often result in self-injurious behaviors

Answer 22

--thinking in BPD patients is dichotomous --evaluate things in mutually exclusive categories --dissociation can occur

Answer 23

times when thinking, feeling, or behaviors occur outside of a person's awareness

Answer 24

failure to engage in active problem solving

Answer 25

act in the moment and clean up the mess later

Answer 26

--compulsive hair pulling --cutting wrist, arms or other body parts

Answer 27

--antidepressants (emotional deregulation) --anticonvulsants (reducing impulsivity) --antipsychotics (transient psych episodes)

Answer 28

--meds --psychotherapy

Answer 29

patients learn to understand their disorder by actively participating in establishing treatment goals, collecting data about own behavior, identifying treatment targets, and working with their therapists in changing problematic behaviors

Answer 30

--problem solving --exposure techniques --skill training --contingency management --cognitive modification --emotional regulation skills --interpersonal effectiveness --distress tolerance skills --self-management skills

Answer 31

--chaotic families --family is afraid to disagree with them or refuse to meet their needs fearing that self-destructive behavior will follow

Answer 32

--unreasonable --hostile while also dependent --overly intense --dramatic --all or nothing --thin-skinned --vicious, spiteful, sharp-tongued --never apologizes --emotionally inconsistent --extreme abandonment and separation fears

Answer 33

--a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of the rights of others --psychopath or sociopath

Answer 34

--at least 18 years old --evidence of conduct disorder with onset before 15 years old --pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others --driven by need to prove superiority and see themselves as center of universe --failure to conform to social norms --deceitfulness --irritability and aggressiveness leading to physical fights or assaults --consistent irresponsibility --lack of remorse

Answer 35

--males over females --must have exhibited one or more childhood behavioral characteristics of conduct disorder and ADHD (aggression to people or animals, serious violation of rules) --co-morbid with mood, anxiety, other pers. disorders, and alcohol and drug abuse

Answer 36

--genetics --serotonin deficiency --childhood maltreatment

Answer 37

--rarely seek --if they do, for depression, substance abuse, uncontrolled anger, forensic evidence --difficult and involves helping patient alter his/her cognitive schema --prognosis is poor

Answer 38

develop a sense of attachment and empathy for other people and situations and to live within the norms of society

Answer 39

--blocks in development of therapeutic relationship --identify dysfunctional thinking patterns, develop new problem-solving behaviors --hold patient responsible for his/her behavior --refrain from arguing or bargaining about rules --give positive feedback --self awareness enhancement

Answer 40

--charming (at first) --untrustworthy (later) --immature --self-centered --manipulative --dangerous and rageful --cognitively inflexible --externally oriented --arrogant and contemptuous

Answer 41

--attention seeking, life of party --insatiable need for attention and approval --moody, experience helplessness --sexually seductive to gain attention --appearance is provocative and speech dramatic --loyalty and fidelity are lacking

Answer 42

--more frequent in women --symptoms begin in early adulthood --can co-occur with BPD, dependent and antisocial, anxiety disorders, substance abuse

Answer 43

psychotherapy is choice

Answer 44

--seductive behavior is response to distress --keep interactions professional; ignore flirtation --model concrete language --help patient clarify feelings --teach and role-model assertiveness

Answer 45

--needy --showy --superficial --overly emotional --melodramatic --seductive --shallow --childlike --impulsive --relentlessly demanding attention

Answer 46

--pervasive pattern of grandiosity --feelings of entitlement --inexhaustible need for admiration --lack of empathy --suffer from low self-esteem --exaggerates achievements and talents --expects to be recognized as superior --envious of others --arrogant --hypersensitive to criticism

Answer 47

--more common in men --only children and first born have increased incidence --co-exists with other personality disorders and with mood, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders --etiology = overvaluation and overindulgence by parents

Answer 48

--difficult to treat patients not likely to seek help or confront shortcomings --CBT to deconstruct faulty thinking --group therapy --lithium for mood swings

Answer 49

--remain neutral --avoid power struggles or becoming defensive --role model empathy

Answer 50

--selfish --presumptuous --uncaring --demeaning --rageful --power-mad --insensitive --manipulative --arrogant

Answer 51

--avoid interpersonal contacts and social situations --perceive themselves as socially inept --avoids activities that involve interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection --unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked --inhibited in intimate relationships --feelings of inadequacy --view of self is as inept, unappealing, or inferior

Answer 52

--problem with epidemiology is that avoidant personality disorder overlaps with social phobia --linked with parental and peer rejection and criticism

Answer 53

--antianxiety and antidepressant meds --individual and group therapy --social skills training

Answer 54

--friendly, accepting, reassuring approach --acceptance of patient fears --group therapy --exercises to enhance new social skills --design exercises to prevent failures --assertiveness training

Answer 55

--inadequate --anxious and fearful --timid --"wallflower" --overly sensitive --inhibited --hypervigilant --sad, lonely, tense --daydreamer

Answer 56

--difficulty making everyday decisions --needs excessive advice and reassurance --requires others to assume responsibility --difficulty disagreeing with others due to fears of loss, support, or approval --difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his/her own --urgently seeks a new relationship for care and support whenever a relationship ends

Answer 57

--more frequent in women --may be result of chronic physical illness or punishment for independent behavior in childhood

Answer 58

psychotherapy

Answer 59

--help address current stressors --set limits that don't make the patient feel punished --be aware of strong countertransference --therapeutic relationship as testing ground for assertiveness training

Answer 60

--clingy --wishy washy --generally fearful --manipulative --passive aggressive --inviting exploitation --desperate for caretaking --naive

Answer 61

pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency

Answer 62

--preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules that the major point of activity is lost --perfectionism that interferes with task completion --excessively devoted to work and productivity to exclusion of leisure activities and friendships --over conscientious --reluctant to delegate tasks

Answer 63

--more common in men --risk factors include background of harsh discipline and having first-degree relative with this --play is viewed as shameful, sinful, and irresponsible

Answer 64

--patients tend to seek help --group and behavioral therapy --clomipramine and fluoxetine for obsessions, anxiety, and depression

Answer 65

--guard against power struggles --remember that patient has difficulty dealing with unexpected changes

Answer 66

--stingy --perfectionist --indecisive --cold and unemotional --hoarding --anxious --tangential --controlling --lacking sense of proportion --workaholic --demanding