Personality disorders Flashcards
clinical presentation of paranoid personality disorder
suspicious/distrustful
refuse responsibility for feelings (assigns blame to others)
often hostile, irritable, angry
clinical presentation of schizoid personality disorder
lifelong pattern of social withdrawal
seem eccentric, isolated, lonely
uncomfortable w/ human interaction
introverted
clinical presentation of schizotypal personality disorder
very odd
magical thinking/peculiar notions
ideas of reference
derealization
clinical presentation of antisocial personality disorder
inability to conform to social norms
often characterized by criminal acts
clinical presentation of borderline personality disorder
borders between psychosis and neurosis
unstable affect, mood, behavior, and self-image
clinical presentation of histrionic personality disorder
excitable/emotional
colorful, dramatic, extroverted
often unable to maintain lasting sincere attachments
clinical presentation of narcissistic personality disorder
sense of self-importance
lack of empathy
grandiose feelings of uniqueness
fragile self-esteem
vulnerable to minor criticism
clinical presentation of avoidant personality disorder
extremely sensitive to rejection
may be social withdrawn
shy
desire for companionship but requires certainty of acceptance
clinical presentation of dependent personality disorder
subordinate to other’s needs
others assume responsibility for significant areas of life
lacks self-confidence
intense discomfort when alone
clinical presentation of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
orderly, stubborn, indecisive
perfectionistic
inflexible
cluster A personality disorders (odd/eccentric)
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal
cluster B personality disorders (dramatic, impulsive)
borderline
antisocial
narcissistic
histrionic
cluster c personality disorders (anxious, fearful)
avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive
projective identification
defense mechanism used by borderlines
project intolerable aspects about self onto another and induce them to play the projected role so the two act in unison
defining characteristics of paranoid personality disorder
-misinterprets others actions as malevolent or deceptive
-pathologically jealous
-uses defense mechanism of projection
defining characteristics of schizoid personality disorder
-appear unsocial
-little want for close relationships
-indifferent to criticism/praise
defining characteristics of schizotypal personality disorder
-peculiar or magical thinking
-vivid imaginary relationships
-isolated d/t inappropriateness
-may have psychotic symptoms
key characteristics of antisocial personality disorder
-disrespect for the rights of others
-superficially charming
-manipulative
-lack of remorse for actions
age limits on dx of antisocial personality disorder
must be at least 18 and have exhibited symptoms since 15 or earlier
key characteristics of borderline personality disorder
-almost always in state of crisis
-frequent mood swings
-unpredictable/self-destructive
-poor interpersonal relationships
-splitting is common
how are relationships distorted in borderline personality disorder
tend to see people as all good or all bad
key characteristics of histrionic personality disorder
-attention-seeking
-exaggerate/dramatic
-outbursts when not center of attention
relationships of people with histrionic personality disorder
-tend to be superficial
-deep dependence needs make gullible
defense mechanisms of histrionic personality disorder
repression and dissociation
(often unaware of true feelings and unable to explain motivations)
key characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder
-sense of entitlement
-enraged at criticism/indifference
-incapable of empathy
-sympathy only to achieve selfish needs
-ambitious for fame/fortune
relationships with narcissistic personality disorder
tenuous
frequent exploitation
key characteristics of avoidant personality disorder
-hypersensitive to rejection
-timid
-lacks self-confidence
relationships with avoidant personality disorder
unwilling to engage unless absolutely sure they will be liked
key characteristics of dependent personality disorder
-cannot make decisions independently
-avoids responsibility
-fear of expressing sexual/aggressive feelings
relationships with dependent personality disorder
distorted by their need to not be alone
key characteristics of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
-preoccupied w/ rules, neatness, perfection
-lack flexibility
-unable to compromise
-overthinkers
-stiff, formal, or rigid demeanor
defense mechanisms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
rationalizing
isolation
intellectualization
reaction formation
undoing
pharmacotherapy for paranoid personality disoder
low dose antipsychotics
anticonvulsants for irritability
pharmacotherapy for schizotypal personality disorder
-antipsychotics for psychotic symptoms
-antidepressants if necessary
pharmacotherapy for aggression in antisocial personality disorder
anticonvulsants, lithium, antipsychotics
psychotherapies that work well for borderline personality disorder
DBT
mentalization-based tx
transference-focused therapy
pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder
antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants
what medications should you avoid with borderline personality disorder
benzodiazepines d/t abuse risk
pharmacotherapy for histrionic personality disorder
antidepressants, antianxiety meds, antipsychotics
pharmacotherapy for narcissistic personality disorder
lithium for mood swings
SSRIs
pharmacotherapy for dependent personality disorder
antianxiety agents
antidepressants
limited evidence for the use of what medications in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
fluvoxamine
carbamazepine
approach when fantasy is defense mechanism
quiet interest w/o insisting on responses
recognition for fear of closeness and eccentricity
dissociation
unconscious mechanism that involves separating mental/behavioral processes from rest of psychic activity
isolation defense mechanism
separation of idea/memory from its attached emotion
4 major temperment traits
harm avoidance
novelty-seeking
reward dependence
persistence
emotion associated with harm avoidance
fear
emotion associated with novelty-seeking
anger
emotion associated with reward dependence
attachment
emotion associated with persistence
ambition
high harm avoidance characteristics
fear of uncertainty
shyness
passive avoidance of problems
pessimism
low harm avoidance characteristics
carefree
energetic
outgoing
optimistic
which type of medication is used to decrease harm-avoidance behvior
serotonin drugs
high novelty-seeking characteristics
quick-tempered
easily bored
impulsive
extravagant
curious
low novelty-seeking characteristics
slow-tempered
uninquiring
reserved
orderly
what causes novelty-seeking behaviors
increased dopamine reuptake at presynaptic terminal resulting in the need for frequent stimulation to maintain adequate dopamine levels
high reward dependence characteristics
tender-hearted
sensitive
dedicated
warmly social
low reward-dependent characteristics
practical
cold
socially insensitive
indifferent
highly persistent characteristics
hard-working
ambitious overachievers
increase effort if possible reward
look at frustration as personal challenge
low persistence characteristics
inactive
unstable
give up easily
paranoid personality disorder has an increased risk of what other mental disorders
MDD
OCD
agoraphobia
substance abuse
best treatment approach for personality disorders
meds and therapy
how do you pick the correct pharmacotherapy for personality disorders
target symptoms you want to treat
what is the treatment of choice for paranoid personality disorder
psychotherapy
key points to psychotherapy with paranoid personality disorder
be straightforward
dont get defensive
be professional (not overly warm)
what increases mistrust with paranoid personality disorder
overuse of interpretation, especially involving deep feelings
medication treatment for paranoid personality disorder
-low-dose antipsychotics for psychotic symptoms
-anticonvulsants for irritability
medication options to target affective aggression
lithium
SSRIs
anticonvulsants
low-dose antipsychotics
therapy of choice for histrionic personality disorder
psychoanalytically oriented therapy
what type of therapies can be useful for avoidant personality disorder
assertiveness training
group therapy
psychotherapies that are good for treatment of dependent personality disorder
insight-oriented
behavioral therapy
assertiveness training
family/group therapy
which disorders are more common in biologic relatives of those with schizophrenia
cluster A personality disorders
which personality disorder clusters have a genetic basis
cluster B and cluster C
what is common with antisocial personality disorder
substance abuse
there is an association between histrionic personality disorder and what other disorder
somatic symptom disorder
what is commonly found in avoidant personality disorder
high anxiety levels
fantasy as a coping mechanism
seeking solace in self by creating imaginary friends/lives
who is most likely to use dissociation as a coping mechanism
borderline personality disorder
isolation as a coping mechanism for
separation of an idea/memory from its attached emotion
projection
attributing unacknowledged feelings to someone else
splitting
dividing people into absolute good or bad
3 steps of projective identification
-projects aspect of self onto someone else
-tries to coerce other person into identifying what has been projected
-both parties feel union
4 major temperments
harm avoidance
novelty-seeking
reward dependence
persistent
fear is associated with which temperment
ham avoidance
anger is associated with which temperament
novelty-seeking
attachment is associated with which temperament
reward dependence
which temperament is associated with ambition
persistence
