Bipolar disorders

Question 1

what things can be included in the presentation of pressured speech

Answer 1

puns, jokes, rhymes, or plays on words

Question 2

what are common misdiagnoses for mania in adolescents

Answer 2

conduct disorder
schizophrenia

Question 3

9 possible mania symptoms in adolescents

Answer 3

psychosis
substance use
suicide attempts
academic problems
philosophical brooding
OCD symptoms
multiple somatic complaints
marked irritability causing fights
antisocial behavior

Question 4

when are multiple manic episodes considered distinct

Answer 4

when they are separated by at least 2 months

Question 5

what is considered rapid cycling

Answer 5

at least 4 mood episodes in a year

Question 6

cyclothymia

Answer 6

period of at least 2 years of hypomanic and depressive episodes that cause clinically significant distress but do not meet full criteria for bipolar disorder

Question 7

what is hypomania frequently confused with

Answer 7

borderline personality disorder

Question 8

poor prognosis predictors for bipolar disorder

Answer 8

poor ocupational status
alcohol dependence
psychotic features
depressive features
male gender

Question 9

better prognosis predictors in bipolar disorder

Answer 9

short duration of mania
advanced age at onset
few suicidal thoughts
fewer comorbidities

Question 10

what are the most common psychological deficits in bipolar disorder

Answer 10

executive function
verbal memory/reasoning

Question 11

bipolar with seasonal pattern

Answer 11

may have winter depression or spring mania

Question 12

anticonvulsants typically used for bipolar

Answer 12

lamotrigine
carbamazepine
valproate

Question 13

therapeutic lithium levels

Answer 13

0.6-1.2

Question 14

medication classes used to treat acute mania

Answer 14

lithium
anticonvulsants
antipsychotics

Question 15

medication classes for treatment of acute bipolar depression

Answer 15

anticonvulsants
antipsychotics
antidepressants
ECT
Lithium

Question 16

which anticonvulsant is most frequently used for bipolar depression

Answer 16

lamotrigine

Question 17

which medications are highly associated with mania induction

Answer 17

TCAs
MAOIs
venlafaxine

Question 18

therapy options for treating bipolar

Answer 18

CBT
interpersonal
social rhythm
family

Question 19

mood episode commonality between the sexes

Answer 19

depressive episodes more common in women
manic episodes more common in men

Question 20

therapeutic blood level for depakote

Answer 20

50-120

Question 21

first line anticonvulsant treatment for acute mania in bipolar

Answer 21

valproate and carbamazepine

Question 22

lamotrigine in bipolar

Answer 22

better at treating bipolar depression than mania

Question 23

what is valproate approved for in bipolar

Answer 23

acute mania, not maintenance

Question 24

important thing to remember about starting lamotrigine

Answer 24

must be titrated slowly to avoid rash

Question 25

which antipsychotic has the best evidence for treatment of acute bipolar depression

Answer 25

seroquel

Question 26

administration of antidepressants in bipolar

Answer 26

needs to be in conjunction with mood stabilizer to avoid induction of mania

Question 27

most widely used agents for long term treatment of bipolar

Answer 27

lithium
valproate
carbamazepine

Question 28

what is often required with long term lithium treatment

Answer 28

thyroid supplementation

Question 29

what to do for first-line treatment failures

Answer 29

try another first-line treatment option

Question 30

goals for therapy with bipolar disorder

Answer 30

improving treatment adherence
promoting stability
avoiding risk factors

Question 31

what inflammatory markers are typically elevated in bipolar patients

Answer 31

interleukin-6

Question 32

response inhibition

Answer 32

executive function that allows one to control impulsive responses when they might be inappropriate