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NSG212 > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

In people with personality disorders (PD), personality traits are

A

exaggerated and rigid to the point that they cause dysfunction in their relationships.

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2
Q

What is personality

A

How we perceive and interact with the world.

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3
Q

what are personality traits

A

Stylistic peculiarities that all people bring to social relationships

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4
Q

what are personality disorder traits

A
  • Difficulty accurately perceiving and interpreting the world around them
  • Difficulty with impulse control
  • Inappropriate emotional responses
  • Blaming
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5
Q

what is blaming for personality disorder traits

A

Genuinely unaware that their personality traits are causing the problems

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6
Q

what are the characteristics of personality disorders

A
  • avoidance and fear of rejection
  • blurring of boundaries between self and others
  • insensitive to others needs
  • demanding
  • fault finding
  • inability to trust
  • lack of individual accountability
    -passive-aggressive traits
  • tendency to provoke interpersonal conflict
    They dont see any of it as a problem
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7
Q

what is the cause of personality disorders

A

-due to a combination of hereditary and temperamental traits, as well as environmental and developmental events.

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8
Q

when do personality traits form

A
  • present in infancy but emerge in adolescence
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9
Q

what are the genetic factors involved in personality disorders

A
  • dominant role of genetics
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10
Q

what are the neurobiological factors involved in personality disorders

A
  • Aggressive, impulsive behaviors

- Affective instability

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11
Q

what are the psychological influences for personality disorders

A
  • child hood neglect

- childhood trauma

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12
Q

Excessively harsh and erratic discipline, alcoholic parent(s), and abusive and chaotic home life are risk factors for

A

borderline PDs (BPDs) and antisocial PDs in particular.

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13
Q

Sexual abuse is a risk factor for

A

BPD

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14
Q

what cultures are at risk for personality disorders

A

Native and African Americans, young adults, low socioeconomic status, and those who are divorced, separated, widowed, and never married are more at risk

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15
Q

what are cluster a disorders

A
  • Resembles schizophrenia but with no psychosis
  • Odd, eccentric behavior and speech (in phrasing; may only make sense to them)
  • -Reactions from others may lead to paranoid thinking
  • Cognitive perceptual distortions without psychosis
  • May display magical thinking and rituals
  • Give-and-take conversations difficult
  • Genuinely unhappy about lack of relationships
  • Social anxiety and unhappiness may increase over time
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16
Q

what are cluster b disorders

A
  • emotionally reactivity, poor impulse control, manipulation
  • unclear sense of identity
  • Persistent disregard for others
  • Persistent violation of others’ rights
  • Absence of remorse for hurting others (callousness)
  • Sense of entitlement
  • Deceitfulness
  • Impulsiveness; risky behaviors to “feel alive”
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17
Q

what are cluster c disorders

A
  • high anxiety and outward signs of fear

- inhibited internalizing blame, even when not to blame

18
Q

what are the characteristics of cluster a disorders

A

-Flat affect, appearing indifferent to both praise and criticism
-Unable to establish relationships
-Restricted range of interpersonal emotions
(spend a lot of time day-dreaming)
-Invest little energy in human relationships; conversely, may invest enormous energy in nonhuman interests
-Often creative, original thinkers

19
Q

what is paranoid personality disorder (PPD)

A
  • Pervasive, persistent, inappropriate suspiciousness and distrust of others
  • Present as hostile, irritable, injustice collectors; jealous, lacking warmth
  • May appear businesslike and efficient, but generate fear and conflict in others
  • Find malice in benign comments and behaviors
20
Q

what is the characteristic’s of cluster b disorder

A
  • Unstable, intense relationships (goes from “you are the best” to “you are the worst”)
  • Instability of affect; unstable, frequent mood changes
  • Emotional lability (shifting from anxiety, to irritability, etc.) Emotional dysregulation
  • Poor impulse control; self-destructive; suicide-prone
  • Chronic depression
  • Projected identification
  • Splitting (sometimes known as black and white/good or bad-thinking)
  • Abandonment Issues (frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment)
21
Q

what is cluster b: Histrionic Personality Disorder

A
  • Manipulative, insensitive, excessive emotionality and attention seeking
  • Need to become and remain the center of attention, love, and admiration
  • Superficial, shallow, short-lived relationships
  • Dramatic, rapidly shifting, charming, flamboyant, and sexually seductive behaviors
  • Constant, sudden emotional shifts and lability (rapid change in mood)
  • Lack insight into cause of relationship failures
22
Q

what is cluster c: Avoidant Personality Disorders

A

-Low self worth
-Appear withdrawn (avoid socialization)- “social phobias”
-Fear criticism and rejection
(ex. “I know nobody loves me”)
-Shy, timid, isolated
(Hard time with relationships and occupational functioning)

23
Q

what is cluster c: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A
  • Orderliness, stubbornness, attention to detail
  • Indecisiveness
  • Emotional constriction
  • Pervasive pattern of perfection and inflexibility
  • Perseveration (persistent pursuit of an action even in the face of repeated failures)
  • High achievers
  • Superficial, rigidly controlled intimacy
  • Stinginess
24
Q

what is cluster c: Dependent Personality Disorder

A
  • Belief in inability to survive if left alone
  • Excessive need to be taken care of
  • Solicit caretaking through clinging and submission
  • Perversely, excessively submissive
  • Intense fear of separation and being alone
  • Tolerant of poor, even abusive relationships. If relationship does end, the individual has an urgent need to get into another
  • Inability to make decisions without excessive reassurance
25
Q

what assessment is involved for personality disorders

A
  • Assess suicidal and homicidal thoughts.
  • Determine whether the patient has a medical disorder or another psychiatric disorder.
  • View the assessment of personality functioning from within ethnic, cultural, and social backgrounds.
  • Assess for recent and important losses.
  • Evaluate for changes in personality in middle adulthood or later:
  • -May signal an unrecognized substance use disorder.
  • Be aware of strong negative emotions that patients evoke.
  • -With nurse/patient interaction
26
Q

Ego weakness” results in:

A

Splitting, dissociation, psychotic thinking

27
Q

Blurred personal boundaries:

A

Closeness seems similar to a fusion of boundaries where one person begins, and one leaves off.

28
Q

Criteria for outcomes for personality disorders might include the following:

A
  • Minimizing self-destructive behaviors
  • Reducing manipulating behaviors
  • Linking consequences to behaviors
  • Initiating alternatives to prevent crisis
  • Ongoing management of emotions
  • Creating lifestyle that prevents regression
29
Q

what limits should be set on on manipulative behaviors:

A
  • Arguing or begging
  • Using flattery or seductiveness
  • Instilling guilt and clinging
  • Constantly seeking attention
  • Pitting one person, staff member, or group against another
  • Frequently disregarding the rules
  • Constant engaging in power struggles
  • Exhibiting angry, demanding behaviors
30
Q

what should you avoid for personality disorders

A
  • Discussing yourself or other staff members with patient
  • Promising to keep a secret
  • Accepting gifts from patient
  • Doing special favors for patient
31
Q

Nurses greatly enhance their ability to be therapeutic when they combine:

A
  • Limit-setting
  • Trustworthiness
  • Dealing with manipulations
  • Authenticity with their own natural style
32
Q

Nurses greatly enhance their ability to be therapeutic when they combine

A

limit setting, trustworthiness, manipulation management, and authenticity with their own natural style.

33
Q

what are the therapies used for personality disorders

A
  • Psychotherapy
  • Psychodynamic psychotherapy
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Dialectical Behavioral therapy (DBT
34
Q

what is dialectical behavior therapy

A

-Evidence based therapy (type of cognitive behavior therapy)
-Helps to change self-destructive behaviors associated with Borderline
-Personality Disorder (BPD)
Individual sessions/group sessions

35
Q

what are the 4 core concepts of dialectical behavior therapy

A
  • Mindfulness-living in the moment
  • Interpersonal effectiveness- skills that maximize the change of achieving a goal w/o damaging a relationship or one’s self respect
  • Distress tolerance- learning to bear emotional pain skillfully by accepting self and current situation
  • Emotional regulation- recognizing and coping with negative emotions in a healthy manner
36
Q

what does SSRIs do

A

treat co-morbid depression and panic attacks

37
Q

what does trasodone and venlafaxine have

A

have low toxicity in overdose

38
Q

what does carbamazepine do

A

targets impuslivity and self harm

39
Q

what does lithium, anticonvulsants, SSRIs do

A

minimize aggression

40
Q

what does atypical antipsychotics help with

A

psychotic features in BPD under stress

NSG212 (7 decks)

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