Family Violence Flashcards
Four Abuse Categories:
Emotional
Physical
Sexual
Neglect
what are some examples of ED visits suspected of family violence there are also signs of what
Hyperventilation, panic attacks
Gastrointestinal disturbances
Chest pain
Depression Insomnia/ Violent nightmares/Extreme fatigue
signs of PTSD
what is the most likely interaction of theories for abuse
Most likely the interaction of societal, psychological, cultural & neurobiological factors
what is the Social Learning Theory (intergenerational violence theory):
Behaviors develop through role modeling & human interaction
An abused child learns that violence is acceptable or the norm
Without consequences the abuser is rewarded with a sense of power and control
what are some social and cultural factors related to abuse
Poverty or unemployment Overcrowded communities or lack of resources Social isolation of families Early parenthood Lack of/ or inadequate coping skills Family member with chronic health problems Frustration-aggression hypothesis Patriarchal Theory
what are the psychological factors related to abuse theories
The abuser has traits that make him/her violent and can not control their violent behaviors
Other psychological factors: low self esteem, hypersensitivity, narcissism, immature, poor coping skills
what is child abuse
When a child is harmed physically, psychologically, sexually or through acts of neglect
where would a medical professional report child abuse
child protective services (CPS)
what are some signs of neglect the child shows
Speech disorders Lag in development Malnourished, stealing food Poor hygiene Clothing inappropriate: sized, soiled School problems, tardiness, truancy Not supervised
what are some behavioral signs of abuse
Withdrawn, depressed, aggressive
Excessive fear of parents, tries to please
Nightmares, anxiety
Acting out at school
Regressive behavior
Hides injuries
May withdraw from physical contact with adults or make no eye contact
what are some physical signs of abuse
Head injuries: skull and facial fractures Bruises & welts in shapes of objects Child may protect abuser for fear of punishment Burns On buttocks, genitals, soles of feet Human bites Rope burns from being tied Fractures in different stages of healing
what are some physical signs of sexual abuse
Difficulty walking, sitting Itching in private areas Bleeding, bruising of genitals/rectum Swelling or discharge Sexually transmitted infection (STI) Bloody stained/torn underclothing
what is the most commone age range for sexual abuse victims
4-7 by a family member
what type of questions would you ask children who are suspected to be abused
open ended questions
what are the assessment guidelines for interviewing the parent of a abused child
Conduct a private interview.
Be direct, honest, and professional.
Be attentive and understanding.
Inform the person if you must make a referral to Child Protective Services, and explain the process.
what is the best outcome of child abuse
Physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect has ceased.”
what is included in the accurate and detailed records of the incident:
Verbatim statements of who caused injury and when it occurred
Body map to indicate size, color, shape, areas, and typesof injuries with explanation
Use of photographs per hospital policy (most likely by police)
what are the different forms of teen abuse
Extreme possessiveness Jealousy Physical stalking Cyber stalking Manipulation/control over one’s partner Demeaning one’s partner in front of friends Threatening to commit suicide Forced intimacy or sex
Children who reside in homes where IPV occurs are vulnerable to feelings of
of responsibility, guilt, emotional distress, behavioral regression, somatic complaints, PSTD, alcohol or drug abuse, and more.
what does it mean to Control through intimidation:
Instills fear through threats
Breaks things, destroys property, abuses pets, displays weapons, threatens children, and threatens homicide or suicide
Increases physical, sexual, and psychological abuse
what does it mean to control through economic abuse
Controls the money. If the partner works, the batterer calls excessively and forces the partner to miss work.
what does it mean to control through power
Makes all the decisions, defines the role in the relationship, treats the partner like a servant, and takes charge of the home and social life.
what does it mean to control through isolation
Limits family or friends, controls activities and social events, tracks the time or mileage on the car, monitors activities, stalks the partner at work, takes the partner to and from work or school, and may demand permission to leave house
violence is what kind of behavior
learned
what emotions does the abuser feel
low sense of self
poor impulse control
limited tolerance for frustration.
what are you focusing on in programs for abuse
Eliminating violence via reflection/skill building
Alternatives to fines and incarceration
what are the priorities for programs for abuse
Protect victims
Make offenders accountable
what is included in programs for abuse: address the need to exert control
Change batterer’s self-perception
Address abuser’s own history as victim if applicable
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
what are the 3 phases of cycle of violence
Tension building
Acute battering
Honeymoon
what are some reasons that the victim stays with the abuser
Financial support
Isolation/support system gone
Can’t survive without their partner
Depressed/lost physiological energy to leave
Low self-esteem: think partner is powerful
what are some presenting signs of PTSD of abuse
high anxiety, stress, insomnia, chest pain, back pain, dizziness, stomach upset, trouble eating, and severe headache, among others.
what are the 5 kinds of elder abuse
physical emotional finance abuse or exploitation neglect sexual abuse
what is elder physical abuse
Infliction of physical pain orinjury (e.g., slapping, bruising, sexually molesting, restraining).
what is elder emotional abuse
Infliction of mental anguish (e.g., humiliating, intimidating, threatening).
what is elder finance abuse or exploitation abuse
Misuse of someone’s property and resources by another person.
what is elder neglect
Failure to fulfill a caretaking obligation to provide goods and services; may also include self-neglect; “granny dumping”.
what is elder sexual abuse
nonconsensual (either by refusal or incapacity to refuse) sexual contact.
what is the difference of an elder abuser or a child abuser
the elder abuser may not be cruel or insensitive, but under extreme stress.
Abuser is often a middle-aged child of the victim.
Often, the caregiver is financially dependent on the older adult.
In many cases, the caregiver is dealing with mental illness, substance abuse, and an inability to cope.
what are some red flags of elder abuse
Fear of being alone with caregiver Obvious malnutrition Bedsores or skin lesions Begging for food Needs medical and/or dental care Left unattended for long periods Reports of abuse and neglect Passive, withdrawn, and emotionless Concern over finances and missing valuables
are males or females more at risk for suicide
men because they chose more leathal way
what are some major risk factors for suicide
anxiety, insomnia, and substance abuse.
what are some Genetic factors for suicide
Suicide clusters develop in some families, resulting in a family history of suicide.
what are some societal factors for suicide
No social supports are available to combat negative events and severe stress.
what are some psychological factors for suicide
Psychotic tendencies result in increased risk, especially as it relates to command hallucinations that tell a person to kill themselves or delusions that they must die.
Hopelessness, helplessness, and feelings of worthlessness are evident.
Neurobiologic aspects of suicide
Strong association exists between suicide and low serotonin.
Biological responses to stress may be risk factor.
Noradrenergic systems (Mediates Stress response):
Overactivity is associated with severe anxiety, agitation, and a high suicidal risk.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis: (Stress Response)
Is associated with depression.
Suicide victims often exhibit HPA axis abnormalities.
what is Sigmund Freud theory on suicide
Murderous attack on self
what is Karls theory on suicide
Revenge, depression, guilt
what is Edwins theory on suicide
Unbearable psychologic pain— “There is no way out.”
Self-destructive behaviors (e.g., drugs, hyperobesity, gambling, self-harmful sexual behaviors, medical noncompliance) as subintentioned suicide
what are some risk factors for teen suicide
Frequent episodes of running away
Frequent expressions of rage and problems with parents
Family loss, instability, and withdrawal
Perception of failure: school, work, social
Expression of suicidal thoughts when sad or bored
Difficulty dealing with sexual orientation
Unplanned pregnancy
what are some meds that may cause depressive symptoms
Antihypertensives Benzodiazepines Calcium channel blockers Corticosteroids Hormonal meds and pain killers
what are some bahvioral clues for suicide
Giving away prized possessions
Writing farewell notes
Making out a will
Putting personal affairs in order
Failing to sleep or fall asleep for more than one night in a row (global insomnia)
Exhibiting sudden or unexpected improvement in mood after being depressed and withdrawn
Neglecting personal hygiene
what does SADPERSONS stand for
sex age depression Previous attempt Excessive alchol or drug use Rational thinking loss Seperated/divorced/widowed Organized attempt No support Stated future attempt
what is the institutional protocol for suicide
Provide a safe environment.
Document the patient’s activity—usually every 15 minutes; include what the patient is doing and with whom.
Maintain accurate records of nurse and physician actions.
Place the patient on either suicide precaution or suicide observation.
Construct a verbal or written no-suicide contract.
Encourage the patient to talk about his or her feelings and alternatives
During a suicidal crisis, the following information should be conveyed to the patient in all settings:
The crisis is temporary.
This unbearable pain can be survived.
Help is available.
You are not alone.
Intervention After the Crisis Period
Arrange to have the patient stay with family, friends, or in the hospital if the patient is highly suicidal.
Remove weapons and pills; activate social supports.
Encourage the patient to talk freely and discuss alternatives.
Contact family members/ Arrange for crisis counseling.
Prescribe antianxiety or antidepressant medications if needed. Only a 1- to 3-day supply of medications should be given.
interventions after a suicide has been completed.
Should be initiated within 24 to 72 hours after death.
Family/friends face mourning without social support.
People don’t know what to say.
People sometimes blame family/friends.
Often face stigmatization and isolation.
