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Psychopathology > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

General Personality Disorder

A.

A

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas:

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2
Q

General Personality Disorder

1.

A

Cognition (i.e., ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events).

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3
Q

General Personality Disorder

2.

A

Affectivity (i.e., the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response).

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4
Q

General Personality Disorder

3.

A

Interpersonal functioning.

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5
Q

General Personality Disorder

4.

A

Impulse control.

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6
Q

General Personality Disorder

B.

A

The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations.

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7
Q

General Personality Disorder

C.

A

The enduring pattern leads to cynically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

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8
Q

General Personality Disorder

D.

A

The pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood.

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9
Q

General Personality Disorder

E.

A

The enduring pattern is not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder.

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10
Q

General Personality Disorder

F.

A

The enduring pattern is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g., head trauma).

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11
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A.

A

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and presented in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

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12
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
1.

A

Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her.

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13
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
2.

A

Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.

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14
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
3.

A

Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her.

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15
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
4.

A

Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events.

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16
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
5.

A

Persistently bears grudges (i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights).

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17
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
6.

A

Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack.

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18
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
7.

A

Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner.

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19
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
B.

A

Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder and is not attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition.

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20
Q

Cluster A
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Note:

A

If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, add “premorbid,” i.e., “paranoid personality disorder (premorbid).”

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21
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
A.

A

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

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22
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
1.

A

Neither desirers nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.

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23
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
2.

A

Almost always chooses solitary activities.

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24
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
3.

A

Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person.

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25
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
4.

A

Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities.

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26
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
5.

A

Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.

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27
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
6.

A

Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others.

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28
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
7.

A

Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity.

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29
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
B.

A

Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder with psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, to autism spectrum disorder and is not attributable to the physiological effects of another medical condition.

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30
Q

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Note:

A

If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, add “premorbid,” i.e., “schizoid personality disorder (premorbid).”

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31
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
A.

A

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

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32
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorderr
1.

A

Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference).

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33
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
2.

A

Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”; in children and adolescents, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations).

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34
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
3.

A

Unusual perceptional experiences, including bodily illusions.

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35
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
4.

A

Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped).

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36
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
5.

A

Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.

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37
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
6.

A

Inappropriate or constricted affect.

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38
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
7.

A

Behaviour or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar.

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39
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
8.

A

Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.

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40
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
9.

A

Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgement about self.

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41
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
B.

A

Does not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar disorder or depressive disorder with psychotic features, another psychotic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.

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42
Q

Cluster A
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Note

A

If criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, add “premorbid,” i.e., “schizotypal personality disorder (premorbid).”

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43
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A.

A

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by three (or more) of the following:

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44
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
1.

A

Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.

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45
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
2.

A

Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.

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46
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
3.

A

Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.

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47
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
4.

A

Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.

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48
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
5.

A

Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.

49
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
6.

A

Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain work behavior or honor financial obligations.

50
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
7.

A

Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another.

51
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
B.

A

The individual is at least age 18 years.

52
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
C.

A

There is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15 years.

53
Q

Cluster B
Antisocial Personality Disorder
D.

A

The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

54
Q

Cluster B

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

55
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
1.

A

Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.)

56
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
2.

A

A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealisation and devaluation.

57
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
3.

A

Identify disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.

58
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
4.

A

Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.)

59
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
5.

A

Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-multilating behavior.

60
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
6.

A

Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episode dysphoric, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days).

61
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
7.

A

Chronic feelings of emptiness.

62
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
8.

A

Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).

63
Q

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
9.

A

Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms.

64
Q

Cluster B

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

65
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
1.

A

Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention.

66
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
2.

A

Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior.

67
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
3.

A

Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions.

68
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
4.

A

Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self.

69
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
5.

A

Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking detail.

70
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
6.

A

Shows self-dramatization, theatrically, and exaggerated expression of emotion.

71
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
7.

A

Is suggestible (i.e., easily influenced by others or circumstances).

72
Q

Cluster B
Histrionic Personality Disorder
8.

A

Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are.

73
Q

Cluster B

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

74
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
1.

A

Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).

75
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
2.

A

Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.

76
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
3.

A

Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).

77
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
4.

A

Requires excessive admiration.

78
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
5.

A

Has a sense of entitlement (i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favourable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations).

79
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
6.

A

Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends).

80
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
7.

A

Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.

81
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
8.

A

Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her.

82
Q

Cluster B
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
9.

A

Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.

83
Q

Cluster C

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

84
Q

Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
1.

A

Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection.

85
Q

Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
2.

A

Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.

86
Q

Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
3.

A

Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed.

87
Q

Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
4.

A

Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.

88
Q

Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
5.

A

Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy.

89
Q

Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
6.

A

Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.

90
Q

Cluster C
Avoidant Personality Disorder
7.

A

Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.

91
Q

Cluster C

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:

92
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
1.

A

Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.

93
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
2.

A

Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.

94
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
3.

A

Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval. (Note: Do not include realistic fears of retribution.)

95
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
4.

A

Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self-confidence in judgement or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy).

96
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
5.

A

Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant.

97
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
6.

A

Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for him or herself.

98
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
7.

A

Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.

99
Q

Cluster C
Dependent Personality Disorder
8.

A

Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself.

100
Q

Cluster C

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:

101
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
1.

A

Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.

102
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
2.

A

Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met).

103
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
3.

A

Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by oblivious economic necessity).

104
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
4.

A

Is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identification).

105
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
5.

A

Is unable to discard worn-out, or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.

106
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
6.

A

Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things.

107
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
7.

A

Adopts a miserly spending style towards both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes.

108
Q

Cluster C
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
8.

A

Shows rigidity and stubbornness.

109
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
A.

A

A persistent personality disturbance that represents a change from the individual’s previous characteristic personality pattern.
Note: In children, the disturbance involves a marked deviation from normal development or a significant change in the child’s usual behavior patterns, lasting for at least 1 year.

110
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
B.

A

There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition.

111
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
C.

A

The disturbance is not better explained by another medical disorder (including another mental disorder due to another medical condition).

112
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
D.

A

The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium.

113
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
E.

A

The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

114
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Specify whether:
Labile type:

A

If the predominant feature is affective lability.

115
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Specify whether:
Disinhibited type:

A

If the predominant feature is poor impulse control as evidence by sexual indiscretions, etc.

116
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Specify whether:
Aggressive type:

A

If the predominant feature is aggressive behavior.

117
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Specify whether:
Apathetic type:

A

If the predominant feature is marked apathy and indifference.

118
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Specify whether:
Paranoid type:

A

If the predominant feature is suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.

119
Q

Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Specify whether:
Other type:

A

If the presentation is not characterized by any of the above subtypes.

Psychopathology (5 decks)

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