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Mental Health > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

Ingrained pattern of inner experiences and behaviour that deviates from the individuals culture, leading to distress and impairment

Stable from its onset in early adulthood - can’t diagnose in childhood

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2
Q

What are the main risk factors associated with developing a personality disorder?

A

Family history
Bad parenting and behaviour reinforcement
Abuse
Low socioeconomic status

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3
Q

What differentials would you consider for personality disorders?

A

Mania/depression
Schizophrenia - ask about hallucinations and delusions
Substance misuse

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4
Q

What personality disorders are in cluster A?

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

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5
Q

What personality disorders are in cluster B?

A

Borderline
Antisocial
Histrionic
Narcissistic

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6
Q

What personality disorders are in cluster C?

A

Dependent
Anxious/ avoidant
Anankastic/obsessional

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7
Q

How would someone with a paranoid personality disorder appear?

A

overly sensitive to insults
questions peoples loyalty
doesn’t confide in others

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8
Q

How would a schizoid personality appear?

A

emotionally cold
isolated
low libido

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9
Q

How would a schizotypal personality appear?

A

odd and magical beliefs and behaviours
odd (although coherent) speech
eccentric behaviour
no close friends

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10
Q

How would a borderline personality disorder present?

A

frequent self-harm/suicide
intense relationships
impulsivity around drugs and sex
can’t control temper

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11
Q

How would an antisocial personality disorder present?

A 
most common in men
don't obey the law
no remorse
irritable and aggressive
no regard for own or others safety
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12
Q

How does histrionic personality disorder present?

A

centre of attention
use appearance to get attention
sexually inappropriate
self dramatization

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13
Q

How does narcissistic personality disorder present?

A

Arrogant
entitled
grandiose sense of self importance
fantasise about unlimited success

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14
Q

How does dependent personality disorder present?

A

Unable to make decisions alone
Fear of being left alone to care for oneself
Fear losing support

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15
Q

How does anxious personality disorder present?

A

Fear of social situations that could lead to criticism or embarrassment
Socially isolated but craves interaction
Views self as inept

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16
Q

How does obsessive compulsive personality disorder present?

A

Meticulous and rigidity surrounding rules, morals, ethics
Perfectionism that prevents reaching goals
Lists, organisation, rules

17
Q

How can the clusters of personality disorders be remembered?

A

WWW
Cluster A - weird
Cluster B - Wild
Cluster C - worriers

18
Q

What are the features of Cluster A - paranoid?

A

SUSPECTS

Suspicious of others
Unforgiving
Spouse infidelity questioned
Perceives attack

Envious
Criticism not liked
Trust in others reduced
Self reference

19
Q

What are the features of Cluster A - schizoid?

A

DISTANT

Detached
Indifferent to praise or criticism
Sexual drive reduced
Tasks done alone
Absence of close friends
No emotion
Takes pleasure in few things
20
Q

What are the features of emotionally unstable/borderline?

A

AM SUICIDE

Abandonment feared
Mood instability

Suicidal behaviour
Unstable relationships
Intense relationships
Control of anger poor
Impulsivity
Disturbed sense of self
Emptiness - chronic
21
Q

What are the features of dissocial/antisocial personality disorder?

A

CORRUPT

Callous
Others blamed
Reckless
Remorseless - lack of guilt
Underhanded
Poor planning 
Temper/tendency to violence
22
Q

What are the features of histrionic personality disorder?

A

PRAISE

Provocative behaviour
Real concern for physical attractiveness
Attention seeking
Influenced easily
Shallow/seductive
Egocentric, vain, exaggerated
23
Q

What are the features of dependent personality disorder?

A

RELIANCE

Reassurance required
Expressing disagreement difficult
Lack of self confidence
Initiating projects difficult
Abandonment feared
Needs others to assume responsibility
Companionship sought
Exaggerated fears
24
Q

What are the features of anxious personality disorder?

A

CRIES

Certainty of being liked needed before becoming involved
Restriction to lifestyle to maintain security
Inadequacy felt
Embarrassment potential prevents in engagement in new activities
Social inhibition

25
Q

What are the features of anankastic personality disorder?

A

LAW FIRMS

Loses point of activity due to preoccupation with detail
Ability to complete tasks compromised - perfectionism
Workaholic at expense of leisure
Fussy
Inflexible
Rigidity
Meticulous attention to detaio
Stubborn
26
Q

How can Cluster A PDs be differentiated from psychotic disorders?

A

Hallucinations and true delusions are absent in Cluster A PDs.

27
Q

What is the 3 Ps personality mnemonic?

A

Personality disorder problems are persistent, problematic and pervasive - noticable in every part of a thing or place.

28
Q

What can be enquired in a history for PDs?

A

How other people would describe the personality

Concerned about others in life, relationship with others, close friends

Ever got into serious trouble, have a bad temper, do you think things through before you do them

Worry about anything, fear anything, struggle to make important decisions

Perfectionist, more time working than relaxing

29
Q

Do patients with PDs have good insight?

A

No

30
Q

What investigations can be done for PDs?

A

Questionnaires e.g. Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

Pyschological testing - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI

CT head/MRI to rule out organic causes of personality change e.g. frontal lobe tumours, intracranial bleeds

31
Q

What are the differentials for PDs?

A

Mood disorders e.g. mania, depression
Psychotic disorders e.g. schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder
Substance misuse

32
Q

What is the general management of personality disorders?

A

Identify and treat co-morbid mental health disorders
Treat any co-existing substance misuse
Help patients to deal with situations that provoke problem behaviours or traits
Provide general support to reduce tension and anxieties
Give support and reassurance to family and friends

Risk assessment
Pharmacological management can help to control symptoms
Written crisis plan

33
Q

What is the management of PDs under the bio-psychosocial model?

A

BIOLOGICAL
Atypical antipsychotics
Mood stabilisers
Small role for antidepressants

PSYCHOLOGICAL
CBT
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Dialectical behaviour therapy - emphasis placed on developing coping strategies to improve control and reduce self harm

SOCIAL
Support groups
Substance misuse services
Assistance with social problems e.g. housing finance and employment
Help to access education, voluntary work, meaningful occupation and work

Mental Health (15 decks)

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