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Behavioral Health > Personality Disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Personality disorders

A
  • 10-15% of population

- pervasive inflexible personality trait causing impaired function or distress

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2
Q

Personality disorders- cluster A

A

-social detachment with unusual behaviors (weird, odd, eccentric)

  • schizoid
  • schizotypal
  • paranoid
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3
Q

Personality disorders- cluster B

A

-dramatic, wild, erratic, impulsive, emotional

  • antisocial
  • borderline
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
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4
Q

Personality disorders- cluster C

A

-anxious, worried, fearful

  • avoidant
  • dependent
  • obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
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5
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A
  • behaviors deviating sharply from norms, values, and laws of society (harmful or hostile to society)
  • may commit acts with disregard to violation of laws
  • may begin in childhood as conduct disorder
  • must be at least 18 years old to diagnose*
  • 3x MC in males
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6
Q

Antisocial personality disorder- symptoms

A
  • inability to conform to social norms with disregard and violation of rights of others
  • lack of empathy
  • pattern of criminal behavior
  • shows little anxiety
  • extremely manipulative, deceitful, impulsive, promiscuous
  • spouse/child abuse
  • lacks remorse
  • lies frequently
  • endangers others (drunk driving common)
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7
Q

Antisocial personality disorder- management

A
  • psychotherapy: establishing limits

- medication: not helpful

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8
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A
  • desires relationships but avoids them due to inferiority complex*
  • intense feelings of inadequacy
  • sensitive to criticism
  • fears of rejection and humiliation
  • timid, shy, lacks confidence
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9
Q

Avoidant personality disorder- management

A
  • psychotherapy: social training, CBT, group therapy
  • medication:
    • +/ beta blockers for anxiety
    • +/ SSRIs for depression
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10
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A
  • excessive preoccupation that 1 or more body part is deformed or an over exaggeration of minor flaw
    • ashamed or self-conscious and causes functional impairment
  • may commit acts in response:
    • repetitive acts (mirror checking, skin picking, seeking reassurance)
    • mental acts (comparison to others)
  • MC in females
  • onset= teenage years
  • may also have anxiety disorder or depression
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11
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder- management

A
  • medication:
    • antidepressants:
      • SSRIs (fluoxetine)
      • TCAs (clomipramine)
  • psychotherapy
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12
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A
  • unstable, unpredictable mood and affect
  • unstable self-image and relationships

-MC in women

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13
Q

Borderline personality disorder- symptoms

A
  • extreme pattern of instability in relationships, but cannot tolerate being alone
    • mood swings*
    • marked sensitivity to criticism and rejection (fear of abandonment)
  • black and white thinking- extremes, “all good” or “all bad” with no middle ground
  • impulsivity in self-damaging behaviors
    • suicide threats, self-mutilation, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating, spending
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14
Q

Borderline personality disorder- management

A
  • treatment of choice= psychotherapy
    • DBT, CBT, group therapy
  • medication: +/ short-term low dose antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines
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15
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

-dependent, submissive behavior (very needy and clingy)

  • constantly needs to be reassured
  • relies on others for decision-making and emotional support
  • will not initiate things
  • intense discomfort when alone
  • may volunteer for unpleasant tasks
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16
Q

Dependent personality disorder- management

A
  • psychotherapy: behavioral and group therapy

- medication: anxiolytics or antidepressants may be used in some cases for symptom control

17
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

-overly emotional, dramatic, seductive,* attention-seeking*

  • self-absorbed
  • temper tantrums
  • efforts to draw attention to themselves with need to be center of attention
  • inappropriate, sexually provocative, seductive with shallow or exaggerated emotions
  • seeks reassurance and praise often
  • may believe relationships are more intimate than they are
  • suggestible- easily influenced by others or circumstances
18
Q

Histrionic personality disorder- management

A
  • treatment of choice= psychotherapy*

- CBT, individual or group therapy

19
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A
  • grandiose often excessive sense of self-importance*
  • needs praise and admiration

-MC in males

20
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder- symptoms

A
  • inflated self-image
  • considers themselves special and entitled
  • requires extra special attention
  • fragile self-esteem
  • occupied with fantasies and jealousy of others
  • believes others are envious of them
  • difficulty with aging process
  • reacts to rejection/criticism with rage
  • often becomes depressed
  • lacks empathy for others
21
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder- management

A
  • treatment of choice= psychotherapy

- individual or group therapy

22
Q

OCD

A
  • anxiety disorder
  • combination of thoughts (obsessions) + behaviors (compulsions)
  • men=women
  • onset= age 20
    • men= earlier in teens
    • rare after age 50
23
Q

OCD- obsessions

A
  • recurrent or persistent thoughts/images
  • inappropriate, intrusive, unwanted
  • tries to ignore or suppress
  • specifiers:
    • good/fair insight: recognizes beliefs are not true or may not be true
    • poor insight: thinks beliefs are probably true
    • absent insight/delusional beliefs: completely convinced beliefs are true
24
Q

OCD- compulsions

A
  • repetitive behaviors feeling driven to perform to reduce/prevent stress from obsession
  • inference with lifestyle/time consuming
25
Q

OCD- major patterns

A
  1. Contamination
    • cleaning or hand washing
  2. Pathology doubt
    • forgetting to unplug iron
  3. Symmetry/precision
    • must arrange objects with precision
  4. Intrusive obsessive thoughts without compulsion
26
Q

OCD- management

A
  • medication:
    • antidepressants:
      • SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine)
      • TCAs
      • SNRIs (venlafaxine)
  • psychotherapy:
    • CBT:
      • exposure and response prevention
      • psychoeduction
27
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A
  • perfectionists who require a great deal of order and control
  • rigid adherence to routine (rules, lists, details, inflexible, stubborn, lacks spontaneity)
  • any change in routine may lead to extreme anxiety
  • makes moral judgment on others
  • preoccupied with minute details
  • may find it difficult to finish projects
  • hesitates to delegate work to others
  • devotes themselves to work
  • may avoid intimacy
28
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder- management

A
  • psychotherapy
  • medication:
    • +/ beta blockers for anxiety
    • +/ SSRIs for depression
29
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

-pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others

  • onset= early adulthood
  • MC in males
30
Q

Paranoid personality disorder- symptoms

A
  • distrust and suspiciousness
  • misinterprets actions of others as malevolent
  • sees hidden messages
  • easily insulted
  • appears cold and serious
  • lack of interest in social relationships
  • bears grudges
  • does not forgive
  • blames problems on others
  • preoccupation with doubt regarding loyalty of others
31
Q

Paranoid personality disorder- management

A
  • treatment of choice= psychotherapy
    • CBT, individual or group therapy
  • medication:
    • short-term:
      • severe= low doses of antipsychotics (haloperidol)
      • benziodiazepines for anxiety or agitation
32
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A
  • long pattern of voluntary social withdrawal and anhedonic introversions (constricted affect)
  • loner, hermit-like behavior (reclusive)
  • onset= childhood
  • MC in males
33
Q

Schizoid personality disorder- symptoms

A
  • inability to form relationships
    • lifelong pattern of social withdrawal
  • anhedonia
    • appears indifferent to others
    • lacks response to praise or criticism or feelings expressed by others
    • prefers to be alone (little enjoyment in close relationships or sex)
  • appears eccentric, isolated, lonely
    • cold, flattened affect
    • quiet and usually not sociable
34
Q

Schizoid personality disorder- management

A
  • first line= psychotherapy
    • individual or group therapy
  • medication:
    • +/ short-term low dose antipsychotics, antidepressants, psychostimulants
35
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A
  • odd, eccentric behavior and peculiar thought patterns*
  • suggestive of schizophrenia but without psychosis (delusions)

-onset= early adulthood

36
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder- symptoms

A
  • odd in behavior or appearance
    • inappropriate affect or speech
    • magical thinking*- believes in clairvoyance, telepathy, superstition, bizarre fantasies, ect.
    • may talk to self in public
  • pervasive discomfort with close relationships
    • +/ restricted affect
37
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder- management

A
  • treatment of choice= psychotherapy
    • CBT, individual or group therapy
  • medication:
    • +/ short-term low dose antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines

Behavioral Health (9 decks)

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