Personality Disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Personality disorders
A
- 10-15% of population
- pervasive inflexible personality trait causing impaired function or distress
2
Q
Personality disorders- cluster A
A
-social detachment with unusual behaviors (weird, odd, eccentric)
- schizoid
- schizotypal
- paranoid
3
Q
Personality disorders- cluster B
A
-dramatic, wild, erratic, impulsive, emotional
- antisocial
- borderline
- histrionic
- narcissistic
4
Q
Personality disorders- cluster C
A
-anxious, worried, fearful
- avoidant
- dependent
- obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
5
Q
Antisocial personality disorder
A
- behaviors deviating sharply from norms, values, and laws of society (harmful or hostile to society)
- may commit acts with disregard to violation of laws
- may begin in childhood as conduct disorder
- must be at least 18 years old to diagnose*
- 3x MC in males
6
Q
Antisocial personality disorder- symptoms
A
- inability to conform to social norms with disregard and violation of rights of others
- lack of empathy
- pattern of criminal behavior
- shows little anxiety
- extremely manipulative, deceitful, impulsive, promiscuous
- spouse/child abuse
- lacks remorse
- lies frequently
- endangers others (drunk driving common)
7
Q
Antisocial personality disorder- management
A
- psychotherapy: establishing limits
- medication: not helpful
8
Q
Avoidant personality disorder
A
- desires relationships but avoids them due to inferiority complex*
- intense feelings of inadequacy
- sensitive to criticism
- fears of rejection and humiliation
- timid, shy, lacks confidence
9
Q
Avoidant personality disorder- management
A
- psychotherapy: social training, CBT, group therapy
- medication:
- +/ beta blockers for anxiety
- +/ SSRIs for depression
10
Q
Body dysmorphic disorder
A
- excessive preoccupation that 1 or more body part is deformed or an over exaggeration of minor flaw
- ashamed or self-conscious and causes functional impairment
- may commit acts in response:
- repetitive acts (mirror checking, skin picking, seeking reassurance)
- mental acts (comparison to others)
- MC in females
- onset= teenage years
- may also have anxiety disorder or depression
11
Q
Body dysmorphic disorder- management
A
- medication:
- antidepressants:
- SSRIs (fluoxetine)
- TCAs (clomipramine)
- antidepressants:
- psychotherapy
12
Q
Borderline personality disorder
A
- unstable, unpredictable mood and affect
- unstable self-image and relationships
-MC in women
13
Q
Borderline personality disorder- symptoms
A
- extreme pattern of instability in relationships, but cannot tolerate being alone
- mood swings*
- marked sensitivity to criticism and rejection (fear of abandonment)
- black and white thinking- extremes, “all good” or “all bad” with no middle ground
- impulsivity in self-damaging behaviors
- suicide threats, self-mutilation, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating, spending
14
Q
Borderline personality disorder- management
A
- treatment of choice= psychotherapy
- DBT, CBT, group therapy
- medication: +/ short-term low dose antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines
15
Q
Dependent personality disorder
A
-dependent, submissive behavior (very needy and clingy)
- constantly needs to be reassured
- relies on others for decision-making and emotional support
- will not initiate things
- intense discomfort when alone
- may volunteer for unpleasant tasks
16
Q
Dependent personality disorder- management
A
- psychotherapy: behavioral and group therapy
- medication: anxiolytics or antidepressants may be used in some cases for symptom control
17
Q
Histrionic personality disorder
A
-overly emotional, dramatic, seductive,* attention-seeking*
- self-absorbed
- temper tantrums
- efforts to draw attention to themselves with need to be center of attention
- inappropriate, sexually provocative, seductive with shallow or exaggerated emotions
- seeks reassurance and praise often
- may believe relationships are more intimate than they are
- suggestible- easily influenced by others or circumstances
18
Q
Histrionic personality disorder- management
A
- treatment of choice= psychotherapy*
- CBT, individual or group therapy
19
Q
Narcissistic personality disorder
A
- grandiose often excessive sense of self-importance*
- needs praise and admiration
-MC in males
20
Q
Narcissistic personality disorder- symptoms
A
- inflated self-image
- considers themselves special and entitled
- requires extra special attention
- fragile self-esteem
- occupied with fantasies and jealousy of others
- believes others are envious of them
- difficulty with aging process
- reacts to rejection/criticism with rage
- often becomes depressed
- lacks empathy for others
21
Q
Narcissistic personality disorder- management
A
- treatment of choice= psychotherapy
- individual or group therapy
22
Q
OCD
A
- anxiety disorder
- combination of thoughts (obsessions) + behaviors (compulsions)
- men=women
- onset= age 20
- men= earlier in teens
- rare after age 50
23
Q
OCD- obsessions
A
- recurrent or persistent thoughts/images
- inappropriate, intrusive, unwanted
- tries to ignore or suppress
- specifiers:
- good/fair insight: recognizes beliefs are not true or may not be true
- poor insight: thinks beliefs are probably true
- absent insight/delusional beliefs: completely convinced beliefs are true
24
Q
OCD- compulsions
A
- repetitive behaviors feeling driven to perform to reduce/prevent stress from obsession
- inference with lifestyle/time consuming
25
OCD- major patterns
1. Contamination
- cleaning or hand washing
2. Pathology doubt
- forgetting to unplug iron
3. Symmetry/precision
- must arrange objects with precision
4. Intrusive obsessive thoughts without compulsion
26
OCD- management
- medication:
- antidepressants:
- SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine)
- TCAs
- SNRIs (venlafaxine)
- psychotherapy:
- CBT:
- exposure and response prevention
- psychoeduction
27
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
- perfectionists who require a great deal of order and control
- rigid adherence to routine (rules, lists, details, inflexible, stubborn, lacks spontaneity)
- any change in routine may lead to extreme anxiety
- makes moral judgment on others
- preoccupied with minute details
- may find it difficult to finish projects
- hesitates to delegate work to others
- devotes themselves to work
- may avoid intimacy
28
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder- management
- psychotherapy
- medication:
- +/ beta blockers for anxiety
- +/ SSRIs for depression
29
Paranoid personality disorder
-pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others
- onset= early adulthood
- MC in males
30
Paranoid personality disorder- symptoms
- distrust and suspiciousness
- misinterprets actions of others as malevolent
- sees hidden messages
- easily insulted
- appears cold and serious
- lack of interest in social relationships
- bears grudges
- does not forgive
- blames problems on others
- preoccupation with doubt regarding loyalty of others
31
Paranoid personality disorder- management
- treatment of choice= psychotherapy
- CBT, individual or group therapy
- medication:
- short-term:
- severe= low doses of antipsychotics (haloperidol)
- benziodiazepines for anxiety or agitation
32
Schizoid personality disorder
- long pattern of voluntary social withdrawal and anhedonic introversions (constricted affect)
- loner, hermit-like behavior (reclusive)
- onset= childhood
- MC in males
33
Schizoid personality disorder- symptoms
- inability to form relationships
- lifelong pattern of social withdrawal
- anhedonia
- appears indifferent to others
- lacks response to praise or criticism or feelings expressed by others
- prefers to be alone (little enjoyment in close relationships or sex)
- appears eccentric, isolated, lonely
- cold, flattened affect
- quiet and usually not sociable
34
Schizoid personality disorder- management
- first line= psychotherapy
- individual or group therapy
- medication:
- +/ short-term low dose antipsychotics, antidepressants, psychostimulants
35
Schizotypal personality disorder
- odd, eccentric behavior and peculiar thought patterns*
- suggestive of schizophrenia but without psychosis (delusions)
-onset= early adulthood
36
Schizotypal personality disorder- symptoms
- odd in behavior or appearance
- inappropriate affect or speech
- magical thinking*- believes in clairvoyance, telepathy, superstition, bizarre fantasies, ect.
- may talk to self in public
- pervasive discomfort with close relationships
- +/ restricted affect
37
Schizotypal personality disorder- management
- treatment of choice= psychotherapy
- CBT, individual or group therapy
- medication:
- +/ short-term low dose antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines
