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Psyc Test 2 > Personality Disorder ID > Flashcards

Personality Disorder ID Flashcards

1
Q

Paranoid

Criteria

A

General distrust of others, beginning in early adulthood
At least 4 of the following:
*Suspicion that others are exploiting or deceiving him/her
*Preoccupation with doubts of loyalty or trustworthiness of friends
*Reluctance to confide in others
*Interpretation of benign remarks as threatning/demeaning
*Persistent grudges
*Perception of attacks on his/her character that is not apparent to others; quick to counterattack
*Suspicions regarding fidelity of spouse/partner

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2
Q

Paranoid

Epi

A
  • Prev 2-4%
  • Men > Women
  • ↑ in family members of schizophrenics
  • Misdiagnosed in minority groups and deaf individuals
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3
Q

Paranoid

DDX

A

Schizophrenia: These pts do not have any fixed delusions and are not frankly psychotic

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4
Q

Schizoid

Epi

A
  • Prev 3-5%
  • Men > Women
  • ↑in relatives of individuals with schizophrenia
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5
Q

Schizoid

Criteria

A

Pattern of voluntary social withdrawal and restricted range of emotional expression, beginning in early adulthood
At least 4 of the following:
*Neither enjoying nor desiring close relationships
*Generally choosing solitary activities
*Little interest in sexual activity with another person
*Taking pleasure in few activities (if any)
*Few close friends or confidants (if any)
*Indifference to praise or criticism
*Emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affect

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6
Q

Schizotypal

Epi

A

Prev 2-4%

A small minority develop schizophrenia

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7
Q

Schizoid

DDx

A
  • Schizophrenia: These pts do not have any fixed delusions or hallucinations
  • Schizotypal personality d/o: These pts do not have eccentric behavior or magical thinking
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8
Q

Schizotypal

Criteria

A

A pattern of social deficits marked by eccentric behavior, cognitive or perceptual distortions, discomfort with close relationships, beginning in early adulthood
At least 5 of the following
*Ideas of reference (but not delusions of reference)
*Odd beliefs or magical thinking, inconsistent with cultural norms
*Unusual perceptual experiences (bodily illusions)
*Suspiciousness
*Inappropriate or restricted affect
*Odd or eccentric appearance or behavior
* Few close friends or confidants
*Odd thinking or speech (vague, stereotyped, etc)
*Excessive social anxiety

Magical thinking may include:

  • Belief in clairvoyance or telepathy
  • Bizarre fantasies or preoccupations
  • Belief in superstitions
  • Odd behaviors may include involvement in cults or strange religious
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9
Q

Schizotypal

DDx

A

Schizophrenia: These pts are not frankly psychotic and do not have fixed delusions

Schizoid, as above

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10
Q

Cluster A

A

ECCENTRIC, PECULIAR, WITHDRAWN

  • Paranoid
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal
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11
Q

Cluster B

A

EMOTIONAL, DRAMATIC, INCONSISTENT

  • Antisocial
  • Borderline
  • Historionic
  • Narcissisitic
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12
Q

Cluster C

A

ANXIOUS, FEARFUL

  • Dependent
  • Avoidant
  • Obsessive-Compulsive
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13
Q

Antisocial

Epi

A
  • 2-4% in men
  • <1% in women
  • Typically have history of conduct disorder as a child.
  • ↑in homeless and incarcerated
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14
Q

Antisocial

Criteria

A

A pattern of disregard for and violation of rights of others, with onset before age 15 but not diagnosed before age 18
3+ of the following:
*Repeatedly breaking the law
*Deceitfulness, often for personal profit or pleasure
*Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
*Irritable, aggressive, indicated by repeated physical assaults/fights
*Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
*Irresponsible, cannot sustain work or honor financial obligations
*Lack of remorse

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15
Q

Antisocial

DDX

A
  • Schizophrenia
  • Bipolar d/o

Common co-morbidities: substance use d/o, mood and anxiety d/o, ADHD, other personality d/o, gambling d/o

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16
Q

Borderline

Epi

A
  • 6%
  • 75% engage in deliberate self-harm (cutting, OD)
  • 10% commit suicide
17
Q

Borderline

Criteria

A

A pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, with marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood
5+ of the following:
*Frantic efforts to avoid abandonment
*Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, alternating idealization and devaluation
*Identify disturbance (unstable self-image)
*Impulsivity in at least two potentially self-damaging areas
*Suicidality or self-mutilation
*Affective instability and marked reactivity of mood
*Feeling empty
*Inappropriate or difficult to control anger/temper
*Transient stress-related paranoid ideation and dissociative sx

18
Q

Borderline

DDX

A

Common comorbidities:

depression, anxiety, substance-use

19
Q

Histrionic

Epi

A
  • 2%
  • Frequently seeking medical attention
  • ?gender biased dx?
20
Q

Histrionic

Criteria

A

A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, beginning by early adulthood
5+ of the following:
*Needing to be center of attention
*Interaction with others is inappropriately sexual or provocative
*Rapid shifting and shallow expression of emotions
*Uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
*Speech is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
*Theatrical expression of emotion
*Easily influenced
*Considers relationships to be more intimate than they are

21
Q

Histrionic

DDX

A

Associated with somatic symptom d/o and antisocial personality d/o

22
Q

Narcissistic

Epi

A
  • 6%

* Common in people with other personality disorders

23
Q

Narcissistic

Criteria

A

A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood
5+ of the following:
*Grandiose sense of self-importance
*Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success/power/brilliance
*Believes he/she is “special” and can only associate with other high status people
*Requires excessive admiration
*Sense of entitlement
*Interpersonally exploitative
*Lacks empathy, unwilling to recognize feelings and needs of others
*Envious of others or believes others envy them
*Arrogant, haughty behavior or attitude

24
Q

Narcissistic

DDX

A

Many sx overlap with borderline personality d/o

25
Q

Dependent

Criteria

A

A need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fear of separation, beginning by early adulthood
5+ of the following:
*Difficulty making everyday decisions without excessive advice and reassurance from others
*Needs others to be responsible for most areas of his/her life
*Difficulty expressing disagreement with others
*Difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his/her own
*Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance/support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant
*Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone
*Urgently seeks another relationship when a close relationship ends
*Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself/herself

26
Q

Dependent

DDX

A

Comorbid anxiety disorders are common

27
Q

Avoidant

Criteria

A

A pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood.
4+ of the following:
*Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fear of criticism/rejection.
*Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
*Restrained within intimate relationships for fear of being shamed
*Preoccupied with being criticized or rejected
*Inhibited by new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequcy
*Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior
*Unusually reluctant to take personal risks or engage in new activities that may prove embarrassing

28
Q

Avoidant

DDX

A

On the spectrum of anxiety disorders (overlaps with social anxiety d/o)

29
Q

Obsessive- Compulsive

Epi

A
  • 1-2%

* More common in people with high level of education and high income

30
Q

Obsessive- Compulsive

Criteria

A

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency beginning by early adulthood
5+ of the following:
*Preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, schedules to the extent that the point of the activity is lost
*Perfectionism interferes with task completion
*Excess devotion to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure and friendship
*Overconscientious and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values
*Unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even if they have no sentimental value
*Reluctant to delegate tasks or work with others
*Money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes
*Rigidity and stubbornness

31
Q

Obsessive- Compulsive

DDX

A

Comorbid mood and anxiety d/o common

OCD: In OCD, patients are more willing to identify their symptoms as pathological, whereas in the personality disorder people view sx as desirable

32
Q

Schizotypal

Tx

A

Antipsychotics sometimes

33
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

Tx

A
  • SSRI (suicidality)

* DBT (dialectical behavior therapy)

34
Q

Avoidant personality

Tx

A
  • benzo (social situations)

* CBT

35
Q

Histrionic personality

Tx

A

CBT

36
Q

Dependent personality

Tx

A

CBT

Psyc Test 2 (7 decks)

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