Personality Disorder Flashcards
What are the Cluster A Personality Disorders?
Cluster A includes:
paranoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder
and schizotypal personality disorder
Personality traits are enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. It creates the basic defining characteristic from which all responses and behaviors of a person result.
Personality Traits
What are the Cluster B Personality Disorders?
Cluster B includes:
borderline personality disorder
narcissistic personality disorder
histrionicpersonalitydisorder
What are the Cluster C Personality Disorders
Cluster C includes:
avoidant personality disorder
dependent personality disorder
obsessive compulsive personality disorder
What is the 4th cluster of personality disorders?
personality change due to another medical condition
other specified personality disorder
unspecified personality disorder
Individuals who suffer from a personality disorder often report significant distress or impairment in social functioning. True or False?
True
What are the behaviors that differentiate each cluster of personality disorders?
Cluster A is odd-eccentric
Cluster B is dramatic-emotional
Cluster C is anxious-fearful
What cluster involves individuals who avoid social contact and find it difficult to place themselves in situations where they need to interact with others. Often they may seem odd and threatening to individuals who do not know them.
Cluster A - schizoid and schizotypal
They present as suspicious and guarded, and when communication
is compromised, others may avoid them because of their suspicious and threatening presentation.
Cluster A - schizotypal and paranoid
It is a personality disorder characterized by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity. Their personality traits may appear at first to be close and admiring and then, once a relationship is formed, become angry and critical. Their intense anger may result in arguments and physical fights. This erratic and intense behavior makes it difficult for them to develop lasting associations with others.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Narcissistic and Histrionic Personality Disorders are similar in what way?
These personality disorders share the theme of dramatic attention-seeking behavior that gets in the way of developing friendships or romantic relationships. They often do not understand why others avoid them.
A type of personality disorder manifested by shunning social interaction
because they see themselves as inadequate and fear negative responses from others. It si characterized by a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Individuals with this personality disorder experience fear of separation and cling to others, wanting others to make decisions for them. They can appear burdensome to others even in superficial social settings. It is characterized by a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior re
lated to an excessive need to be taken care of.
Dependent Personality Disorders
Individuals with this personality disorder are focus on control of their environment, and their perfectionism can be offensive to others. They exhibit a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.
Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder
Give examples of possible difficulties that individuals with personality disorder may experience.
Social interaction on all levels can often lead to emotional and sometimes physical injury to those with a personality disorder. Individuals suffering from a personality disorder often feel isolated and negatively judged because of their problematic social interactions.
They may also be difficult to work with because they lack insight
into their own conduct as well as subsequent willingness to engage in treatment to address problematic behaviors.
A personality disorder which is characterized by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others, whose motives and intentions are perceived as malicious. These perceptions begin in early adulthood and are present in a number of situations. They assume the ill intent of others and believe that others might exploit, harm, or deceive them. At
times, they may believe others have seriously injured them when there is no evidence that an injury has taken place.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by detachment from social contact and a limited range of emotional expression in settings that require interpersonal exchange. They do not seek or want to develop intimate relationships and do not seek romantic sexual relationships with others. They do not desire to be part of a social group and prefer to be alone. They prefer to work with mechanical or abstract tasks and find little pleasure in hobbies or the activities of life. When others socialize, these individuals prefer to be alone. They do not connect well with others and avoid social contact whenever possible.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Psychotherapy is generally contraindicated for people with SPD because of their intense resistance to change their way of life. True or False?
True
What other disorders you should consider before diagnosing Schizoid Personality Disorder?
Other mental disorders that could be causing the characteristic symptoms should be assessed such as:
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
depressive disorder with psychotic features
another psychotic disorder
autism spectrum disorder
Also ensure that symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a general medical condition.
How would you diagnose Schizoid Peronality Disorder when it exist before diagnosis of schizophrenia?
If the criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, the term premorbid should be added and documented as schizoid personality disorder (premorbid).
It is characterized by significant discomfort with social interaction and close personal relationships and a lack of interest in developing enduring friendships. Additionally, the person with schizotypal personality disorder has cognitive misrepresentations and eccentric behavior. These experiences begin in early adulthood and are present in a number of situations.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Why does schizotypal personality disorder is sometimes referred
to as the most similar to schizophrenia?
One reason is the experience of ideas of reference versus delusions of reference. Those diagnosed with STPD often experience ideas of reference that result from attaching meaning to casual events specific to the individual. The person focuses on the paranormal or entertains superstitions that are not within the norms of his or her cultural milieu. This is similar to schizophrenia, where individuals have a more pronounced form of delusional thinking called delusions of reference. In the personality disorder, the ideas of reference are not as pronounced and usually are related to a specific idea or item as opposed to a general theme that pervades every aspect of a person’s life. In assessing for this disorder, the cultural context, including beliefs and practices, need to be considered. Many religious rituals, beliefs, and practices may appear to meet criteria for STPD. For instance, shamanism, speaking and singing in tongues, magical beliefs, voodoo ritual, seeing and talking with dead relatives, and the evil eye related to mental health and physical illness are experiences that are common in many cultures.
In the etiology of schzotypal personality disorder, what makes this personality disorder to have higher familial predispostion for development of STPD among the first degree biological relatives?
With regard to etiology of the disorder, when compared with the general population, there appears to be a familial predisposition for development of STPD when first-degree biological relatives are diagnosed with schizophrenia. The child may observe the behaviors of a relative with schizophrenia and copy the behaviors.
It is is characterized by a history of disregarding others and violating others’ rights, beginning in childhood or early adolescence and continuing into adulthood.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
To qulaify for diagnosis of APD, what disorder should he be diagnosed with before the age of 15 ?
Conduct Disorder
It is characterized as an instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked by impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
What circumstances in which BPD symptoms are exacerbated?
emotional instability existential dilemmas uncertainty anxiety-provoking choices conflicts about sexual orientation competing social pressures to decide on careers
What issue does a person with BPD may have experienced that they fear and avoid the most?
Abandonment issue
Psychotherapy is generally contraindicated for people with SPD because of their intense resistance to change their way of life. True or False?
True
What other disorders you should consider before diagnosing Schizoid Personality Disorder?
Other mental disorders that could be causing the characteristic symptoms should be assessed such as:
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
depressive disorder with psychotic features
another psychotic disorder
autism spectrum disorder
it is not attributable to the physiological effects of a general medical condition.
How would you qualify Schizoid Peronality Disorder when it exist before diagnosis of schizophrenia?
If the criteria are met prior to the onset of schizophrenia, the term premorbid should be added and documented as schizoid personality disorder (premorbid).
It is characterized by significant discomfort with social interaction and close personal relationships and a lack of interest in developing enduring friendships. Additionally, the person with schizotypal personality disorder has cognitive misrepresentations and eccentric behavior. These experiences begin in early adulthood and are present in a number of situations.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Why does schizotypal personality disorder is sometimes referred
to as the most similar to schizophrenia?
One reason is the experience of ideas of reference versus delusions of reference. Those diagnosed with STPD often experience ideas of reference that result from attaching meaning to casual events specific to the individual. The person focuses on the paranormal or entertains superstitions that are not within the norms of his or her cultural milieu. This is similar to schizophrenia, where individuals have a more pronounced form of delusional thinking called delusions of reference. In the personality disorder, the ideas of reference are not as pronounced and usually are related to a specific idea or item as opposed to a general theme that pervades every aspect of a person’s life. In assessing for this disorder, the cultural context, including beliefs and practices, need to be considered. Many religious rituals, beliefs, and practices may appear to meet criteria for STPD. For instance, shamanism, speaking and singing in tongues, magical beliefs, voodoo ritual, seeing and talking with dead relatives, and the evil eye related to mental health and physical illness are experiences that are common in many cultures.