Personality Disorder Flashcards
When is someone diagnosed with personality disorder?
diagnosed when behavior patterns become so inflexible or maladaptive that they cause significant personal distress or impair people’s social or occupational functioning
What is a personality disorder?
pervasive and inflexible patterns of behavior or ways of relating to others.
prevents people from adjusting to external demands. thus ultimately becoming self-defeating.
when does personality disorder start to appear?
Disordered personality traits become evident by
adolescence or early adulthood and continue through much of adult life, becoming so
deeply ingrained they are highly resistant to change
The warning signs of personality
disorders may be detected during childhood, even in the troubled behavior of preschoolers.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Cluster A: behavior that appears odd or eccentric
Type of personality disorder characterized by persistent suspiciousness of
the motives of others, but not to the point of holding clear-cut delusions.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Cluster A: behavior that appears odd or eccentric
People with schizoid personalities rarely express
emotions and are distant and aloof
emotions of people with schizoid personalities
are not as shallow or blunted as they are in
people with schizophrenia.
Type of personality disorder characterized by a
persistent lack of interest in social relationships,
flattened affect, and social withdrawal.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster A: behavior that appears odd or eccentric
Type of personality disorder characterized by eccentricities or oddities of thought and behavior but without clearly psychotic features.
May be at increased risk for developing schizophrenia
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Cluster B- Personality Disorders Characterized by Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviour
Type of personality disorder characterized by a chronic pattern of antisocial and irresponsible behavior.
No other PD requires evidence of conduct disorder in childhood or adolescence
Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder
Psychopathy is related to APD but emphasizes psychological (thoughts and feelings) not just behavioral aspects:
* lack of remorse (‘without conscience’), no sense of shame
* superficially charming
* manipulates others for own personal gain, exploits people
* thrill-seeking
All psychopaths are diagnosed with APD but many with APD do not meet the criteria for psychopathy
Psychopathy
Cluster B- Personality Disorders Characterized by Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviour
Type of personality pattern characterized by traits such as shallow emotions, selfishness, arrogance, superficial charm, deceitfulness, manipulativeness, impulsiveness, sensation-seeking, and a lack of empathy and remorse, combined with persistent violations of social norms and a socially deviant lifestyle
psychopathic fiction
Presents positive info about self and negative info about others
Borderline Personality Disorder
Cluster B- Personality Disorders Characterized by Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviour
Features a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and mood and a lack of control over impulses.
People with BPD tend to be uncertain about their values, goals, loyalties, careers, choices of friends, and perhaps even sexual orientations
People with Borderline Personality Disorder may engage in impulsive acts of self-mutilation as a means of temporarily blocking or escaping from deep, emotional pain
May improve as people age (30s and 40s)
5 times more common in relatives
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for BPD
- Developed by Marsha Linehan
- Challenge black-and-white thinking
- Encourage assertiveness
- Encourage emotion regulation (mindfulness)
- More intensive than most psychological treatments
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Cluster B- Personality Disorders Characterized by Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviour
Type of personality disorder characterized by an excessive need to be the center of attention and to receive reassurance, praise, and approval from others. Such persons often appear overly dramatic and emotional in their
behaviour.
Used to be called Hysteric Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cluster B- Personality Disorders Characterized by Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviour
Type of personality disorder characterized by an inflated or grandiose sense of themselves and an extreme need for admiration. They brag about their accomplishments and expect others to shower them with praise and notice
their special qualities, even when their accomplishments are ordinary.
Narcissists lack empathy for others. Sensitive to criticism.
- Tends to be more common in males
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Cluster C- Personality Disorders Characterized by Anxious or Fearful Behaviour
Type of personality disorder characterized by avoidance of social relationships due to fears of rejection.
