Personality disorder Flashcards
Define personality disorder.
Enduring, deeply pervasive + inflexible patterns of experience + behavior, which are maladaptive in the individual/s culture + therefore cause distress + impairment of work + psychosocial functioning.
What is the aetiology of personality disorders.
Some genetic contribution.
Early adversity contributes to development: social stressor, child abuse, dysfunctional family.
Summarise the epidemiology of personality disorder.
Sx begin late in adolescent years.
5% of population + 40% of psychiatric patients have a PD.
What are the three clusters for symptoms of personality disorder?
Odd/ Eccentric
Dramatic/ Emotional
Fearful/ Anxious
What are the subtypes of odd/eccentric personality disorder traits?
Paranoid
Schizoid
What are some paranoid personality disorder symptoms?
Sensitive to setbacks
Suspicious of intentions
Bears grudges
Suspicious of partner fidelity
Self importance
Conspirational view of events
What are some schizoid personality disorder symptoms?
Emotional coldness
Few activities give pleasure
Limited capacity to express feelings
Indifference to praise or criticism
Little interest in sex
Prefer solitary activities
Preoccupied with fantasy
Insensitive to social norms
Uninterested in close friends.
What are the subtypes of dramatic/emotional personality disorder traits?
Histrionic
Dissocial
Emotionally unstable (impulsive type)
Emotionally unstable (borderline type)
What are some histrionic personality disorder symptoms?
Shallow + liabile affect
Self dramatisation
Suggestibility
Seeks centre of attention
Inappropriate seductiveness
Very concerned with physical attractiveness
What are some dissocial personality disorder symptoms?
Blames others
Callous unconcern
Gross + persistent irresponsibility
Unable to endure relationships
No guilt
Low violence threshold
What are some emotionally unstable (impulsive type) personality disorder symptoms?
Unstable mood
Impulsivity
Conflict
What are some emotionally unstable (borderline type) personality disorder symptoms?
Emptiness
Effort to avoid abandonment
Unstable intense relationships
Uncertain self image
Self harm
What are the subtypes of fearful/anxious personality disorder traits?
Anakastic
Dependent
Anxious
What are some anakastic personality disorder symptoms?
Preoccupied with detail
Perfectionist
Doubtful
Rigid/ stubborn
What are some dependent personality disorder symptoms?
Allows others to make important decisions
Unwilling to make reasonable demands on others
Helpless when alone
Subordination of own needs to others
Fear of abandonment
What are some anxious personality disorder symptoms?
Feeling of tension + apprehension
Preoccupied when criticised
Feeling of socially inept
Restrict lifestyle due to need of security
What are some investigations for personality disorder?
?MRI if concern over organic causes of personality change (frontal tumor, SDH)
Careful + thorough assessment
Psychometric assessment i.e. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory MCMI.
What is the management for personality disorder?
Treat comorbid disorders.
?Low dose antipsychotics. Antidepressant in emotionally unstable personality disorder. Carbemazapine to manage aggression in odd/ eccentric cluster.
Psychotherapy (DBT)
What are the complications associated with personality disorder? What is the prognosis of personality disorder?
High morbidity + mortality.
- Paranoid: Poor prognosis, difficulties pervasice
- Schizoid: Poor prognosis, difficulties pervasive
- Histrionic: May improve with age, drug abuse linked.
- Dissocial: Variable, may improve with age
- Emotionally unstable: May improve with age. Abuse of substances, depressive risk + suicide risk.
- Anakastic: May go on to develop OCD, may do well at jobs requiring obsessional behavior.
- Dependent: Good outcome with tx. Loss of person they are dependent on has poor prognosis.
- Anxious: May develop social phobia.
