Autism spectrum disorder Flashcards
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Neurodevelopmental condition characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction + communication as well as repetitive stereotyped behaviour, interests, + activities.
List 6 comorbid conditions often seen in associated with autism
Disorders of intellectual development
Epilepsy
Tuberous sclerosis
Rett syndrome
Down syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
When does autism present?
Typically social communication impairments + repetitive behaviours are evident before 2-3y but may be manifested later
Give 3 features of impaired social communication + interaction
Frequently play alone + maybe relatively uninterested in being with other children.
Fail to regulate social interaction with nonverbal cues: eye gaze, facial expression, + gestures.
Difficulty ‘reading’ feelings/ intentions of others
Fail to form + maintain appropriate relationships + become socially isolated.
Give 4 ways in which communication may be impaired in children with autism
Speech onset delayed
Interpret language literally (concrete thinking)
Repeat sentences verbatim (Echolalia)
Speak continuously about own interests without pausing to hear from others
Describe repetitive behaviours and activities (3)
Stereotyped + repetitive motor mannerisms
Inflexible adherence to nonfunctional routines or rituals, food preferences, transport habits
Particular ways of going about everyday activities.
Give 2 other symptoms or signs of autism
Sensitivity to sound, touch, taste, smell, light, colour + temperature- cause anxiety + discomfort
Self-stimulating (flapping) + self-injuring behaviour common
What investigations can be done for Autism?
Hearing test for deafness
SALT assessment
Specialist ASD assessment
If autism is suspected what should you do?
refer to Autism team
Name 3 tools used to guide diagnosis of autism
DISCO: diagnostic interview for social + communication disorders
ADI-R: Autism diagnostic interview- revised
ADOS: Autism diagnostic observation schedule
What verbal support can be provided in the management of autism?
Parents + Child: Informed + supported- National Autistic Society website (autism.org.uk)
Education: how to organise SEN assessment/ education, health and care plan
What therapeutic interventions may be used in autism management?
Behavioural therapy: Applied Behaviour analysis (ABA)
SALT
What is Rett syndrome?
Progressive neurodevelopment disorder
Almost exclusively in females
Seemingly normal early development is followed by partial/ complete regression
Usually with onset between 7-24 months age.
