Personality & attitude

Question 1

Describe 2 differences between an extrovert and introvert.

Answer 1

Extrovert:

• loud, outgoing, social
• becomes aroused slowly

Introvert:

• prefers isolation (shy & reserved)
• becomes aroused quickly

Question 2

Describe 2 differences between neurotic and stable personality types.

Answer 2

Neurotic:

• unpredictable emotion or mood swings
• intense stress and slow recovery

Stable:

• predictable emotions & moods
• rare experience of intense stress (rapid recovery)

Question 3

What does the narrow band theory propose?

Answer 3

There are 2 distinct personality types (type A and type B). A=need for success. B=laid back.

Question 4

How does the social learning perspective differ to the trait theory?

Answer 4

Trait theory-genetics

Social learning-environmental influences

Question 5

Identify and explain the 3 layers of Hollanders triangle.

Answer 5

1. Psychological core-stable and represents the true self.
2. Typical response-changeable and influenced by environmental situational.
3. Role related behaviour-represents change of behaviour in different roles. Most dynamic level.

Question 6

Using an example explain how personality profiling can be used to influence the adoption of an active and healthy lifestyle.

Answer 6

If someone’s type A they have high levels of stress. This can be altered through exercise.

Question 7

Explain 3 limitations of personality profiling.

Answer 7

1. Proof-a link between personality types and performance cannot be proved.
2. Subjective-profiling results can be influenced by personal opinions.
3. Modification-the performer can modify their behaviour to match their ascribed profile.

Question 8

Give 2 examples of how attitude prejudice could discourage a young person from participating in sport.

Answer 8

• sexism towards girls playing rugby ‘it’s a mans game’.

- racism towards athletics ‘black man are faster than white men’.

Question 9

Identify and explain the 3 components of the triadic model.

Answer 9

Cognitive component-beliefs and knowledge the individual holds about the attitude object (information component).

Affective component-feelings or emotional response towards an attitude object (emotional component-evaluation made here).

Behavioural component-how a person intends to behave or respond towards an attitude object.

Question 10

Identify and explain the cognitive dissonance theory.

Answer 10

• by changing 1 attitude component a person will experience emotional conflict or dissonance.
• dissonance can cause a negative attitude to be changed.

Question 11

Explain the persuasive communication theory.

Answer 11

• involves discussion/debate/argument between receiver and significant other
• message should be delivered clearly with confidence and enthusiasm
• effectiveness depends upon readiness of receiver, how strong their attitude is and how motivated they are to change

Question 12

What does the trait theory suggest about personality? What’s its main drawback.

Answer 12

People are born with established personality characteristics.
Drawback-it does not consider the environment and those seeking to change their personality.