Personality and Physical Activity

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

individual difference in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving; traits, not changeable easily though can change a little

Question 2

What has been discovered about personalities?

Answer 2

• differences are developed/first seen in early childhood
• affect how people respond to stimuli
• genetically heritable

Question 3

history of personalities

Answer 3

Created by Hippocrates in ~400 BC
- four humors that were parts of the body and psyche
- labeled phlegm, yellow bile, black bile, and blood
- dominated medicinal thought until 1600s
- dominated how people functioned & their personality traits

Question 4

What are Sheldon’s biological personality types?

Answer 4

• used body shape/size to determine psychological characteristics/personality
• found not to be accurate

Question 5

Eysenck’s work

Answer 5

proposed a theory of personality based on biological factors, arguing that individuals inherit a type of nervous system that affects their ability to learn and adapt to the environment

Question 6

What three personality traits were linked from Eysenck’s answers from soldiers?

Answer 6

1. extraversion
2. neuroticism
3. psychoticism

Question 7

What is the Five Factor Model (FFM)? Think ocean!

Answer 7

1. openness to experience (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious)
2. conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs. extravagant/careless)
3. extraversion (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved)
4. agreeableness (friendly/compassionate vs. critical/rational)
5. neuroticism (sensitive/nervous vs. resilient/confident)

Question 8

Are FFM a continuum?

Answer 8

• each of the factors goes from one end to the other
• people are anywhere in between

Question 9

What are some of the results from the cross-sectional study linking personality and physical activity?

Answer 9

• consistently found that extraversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism are associated with physical activity
• openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness associated with an increased risk of being active
• neuroticism associated with a decreased risk of being active
• exercise may prevent negative personality changes!

Question 10

What happens if personality dictates behavior?

Answer 10

may influence what types of physical activity someone would want to do or stick with

Question 11

high conscientiousness

Answer 11

scheduled, high-intensity exercise

Question 12

high extraversion

Answer 12

prefer exercising with others (group/team)

Question 13

high openness

Answer 13

outdoor, recreational, unsupervised, spontaneous