Personality and mood d/o Flashcards
1
Q
Personality d/o definition by DSM
A
- Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the expectations of the individual’s culture
- Manifests in two or more areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
- Must be inflexible and pervasive across situations
- Must lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in function
- Pattern is stable and can be traced to adolescence or early adulthood
- Not due to another mental d/o or substances
- D/o are divided into 3 clusters
2
Q
Cluster A (odd and eccentric personality d/o): paranoid personality
A
- Paranoid personality d/o: pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others’ motives (interpreted as malevolent)
- Doubts others loyalty/motives, reluctant to confide in others, reads meanings in actions that do not exist, bears grudges, very suspicious
3
Q
Cluster A (odd and eccentric personality d/o): schizoid personality
A
- Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationship and a restricted range of expressing emotions w/ people
- Does not desire or enjoys close relationships (including family)
- Choses solitary actions, no sex or pleasurable activities
- Lacks close friends, indifferent to praise or criticism, flat affect
4
Q
Cluster A (odd and eccentric personality d/o): schizotypal personality
A
- Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort w/ (and reduced capacity for) close relationships
- Also cognitive/perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior
- Can have ideas of reference, magical thinking that influences behavior, illusions, paranoid ideations, inappropriate/flat affect, excessive social anxiety
5
Q
Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic personality d/o): antisocial personality
A
- Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others (since age 15)
- Failure to conform to social norms w/ respect to law (repeatedly performing illegal acts)
- Repeated lying, fights/assault failure to plan ahead
- Lack of remorse
6
Q
Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic personality d/o): borderline personality
A
- Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects w/ impulsivity
- Effort to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- Identity disturbance (unstable self-image), impulses that can be self-damaging
- Recurrent suicidal behavior, affect/mood instability, chronic feeling of emptiness, difficulty controlling anger
- Always appear to be in a state of crisis
7
Q
Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic personality d/o): histrionic personality
A
- Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
- Uncomfortable in situations in which they are not the center of attention
- May be sexually seductive, using physical appearance to draw attention to self
- Rapidly shifting or shallow expression of emotions, can be dramatic, theatric and exaggerative in expressing emotions
- Suggestible (influence by others), considers relationships more intimate than they are
8
Q
Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic personality d/o): narcissistic personality
A
- Pervasive pattern of grandiosity need for admiration, lack of empathy
- Grandiose sense of self-importance, fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty (believes they are special)
- Requires excessive admiration, sense of entitlement, arrogant behavior, lack of empathy
9
Q
Cluster B (anxious and fearful personality d/o): avoidant personality
A
- Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
- Avoids occupational activities that involve interpersonal contact due to fear of criticism, disapproval or rejection
- Unwilling to get involved w/ people in fear of not being liked
- Restraint of intimate relationships b/c fear of being shamed or ridiculed
- Views self as socially inept, reluctant to take risks
10
Q
Cluster B (anxious and fearful personality d/o): dependent personality
A
- Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior, fear of separation
- Requires excessive amounts of advice for simple decisions
- Needs others to assume responsibility, difficulty expressing disagreement/doing things on their own
- Uncomfortable on their own b/c feel like they need to be taken care of, seeks out relationships for this care
11
Q
Cluster B (anxious and fearful personality d/o): obsessive-compulsive personality
A
- Pervasive pattern of preoccupation w/ orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
- Preoccupied w/ details, rules, organization
- Interferes w/ task completion, inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, values (not related to culture or religion)
- Rigidity and stubbornness in multiple settings
12
Q
Mood vs affect
A
- Mood: sustained emotional tone perceived along a continuum from sad to happy (internal state)
- Affect: external expression of present emotional content
- Mood d/o: prolonged and abnormal disturbance of mood, generally depressed, elated, or irritable. Results in significant distress and disturbance of functioning
13
Q
Major depressive episode
A
- Changes in feelings, thinking, behavior, body
- Must have one: depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday for at least 2 weeks
- OR diminished interest/pleasure in most activities nearly everyday for at least 2 weeks (anhedonia)
- Must have at least 4 of the following: weight change, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, feeling of worthlessness or guilt, diminished ability to think, recurrent thoughts of death/suicide, plan or attempt of suicide
- Must be at least 2 wks w/ significant impairment of function
14
Q
Info about major depressive episode
A
- 2x prevalence in females
- Over 50% have 2nd episode, 80% recover
- Age of onset at anytime in life
- Is excruciatingly painful
- Severe depression can manifest in other ways (hallucinations and/or delusions)
- Risk factors: temperamental (negative affect), environmental (adverse experiences), genetic & physiological (inheritance and NTs involved), psychiatric comorbidity (other d/o)
15
Q
Rx of MDD (major depressive d/o)
A
- Antidepressants (SSRI), exercise
- Psychotherapy: CBT (cognitive behavioral Rx), IPT (interpersonal psychotherapy), relaxation
- Social elements: address real stressors, involve family
