Personality Flashcards
What is personality?
A set of behavioural, emotional and cognitive tendencies that people display over time and across situations. Distinguishes us from one another.
What is trait theory?
- Enduring, stable qualities are personality traits that are relatively consistent and exhibited across as range of situations.
- Traits exist on a continuim.
What did Gordon Allport focus on and group?
Created word ‘trait’. Focused on words that described people, grouped 17,000 describing words into 500 traits. Proposed there are central traits that affect our behaviour.
What did Raymond Catell use factor analysis for?
Used it to look for similarities in traits to group certain traits together into ‘personality dimensions’ (super-factors). Reduced 4,500 words into 16 traits.
What were Raymond Catell’s 16 traits?
- Abstractedness: Imaginative versus practical
- Apprehension: Worried versus confident
- Dominance: Forceful versus submissive
- Emotional stability: Calm versus high-strung
- Liveliness: Spontaneous versus restrained
- Openness to change: Flexible versus attached to the familiar
- Perfectionism: Controlled versus undisciplined
- Privateness: Discreet versus open
- Reasoning: Abstract versus concrete
- Rule-consciousness: Conforming versus non-conforming
- Self-reliance: Self-sufficient versus dependent
- Sensitivity: Tender-hearted versus tough-minded
- Social boldness: Uninhibited versus shy
- Tension: Inpatient versus relaxed
- Vigilance: Suspicious versus trusting
- Warmth: Outgoing versus reserved
What model did Hans Eysenck create?
The three-factor model. Three personality dimensions = extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism.
What test did McCrae and Costa commercialise?
The five-factor test (big five). OCEAN. Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism Used by comparing results to general population.
What is the Mini-IPIP6 Test?
A free to use test created for researchers, uses OCEAN + also Honesty-humility.
What is the situationist POV of personality?
People’s thoughts and behaviours change with the situation. We can in part, create our own situations because of who we are. We experience different situations based on our age, race, religion and how people react to these.
What is the trait POV of personality?
We think and behave fairly consistently over different situations.
What POV did Mischel and Peake believe in and study?
Situationists. Studied Uni students and found they behaved fairly similarly over similar situations, not similarly over different situations.
What is the interactionist view of personality?
Both traits and situations affect our behaviour/personality. However, personality can also affect situations as we perceive, remember, and respond to situations differently.
