Intelligence Flashcards
What is intelligence?
Someone’s ability to solve problems well, and understand and learn complex material easily. Ability to think, learn, adapt.
What test did Binet and Simon create?
They developed the Binet-Simon test - first standardised intelligence test for children which measured reasoning ability and judgement (measured cognitive activity). Test was used to identify children who needed support in their learning.
What did Binet and Simon’s test compare?
Compared a child’s ‘mental age’ & actual age. This allowed assessment of child to see if they were performing at standard level for their age.
What was Binet opposed to?
Giving a single score for one’s intelligence and to the idea that intelligence was fixed.
What test did Terman develop?
The American version of Binet-Simon test and used it to assess ages 2 - adulthood.
What advances did Wechsler make to IQ testing?
- Expanded range of tasks tested, to test more skills.
- Separated IQ tests in child and adult tests.
- Tests were divided into subtests - verbal (language) and performance (physical tasks).
For what was IQ testing commonly used?
- Immigration testing
- War drafting
- Defence force testing
What is IQ?
Intelligence Quotient. Reflects mental age compared to actual age in children. Adults are tested against standardised sample. Average IQ = 100
What is the normal curve?
An artificial norm of intelligence. Where people sit on the curve show how far from the norm they are.
Why are adults tested differently to children and how are they tested?
Not correct to say a 45yr old performing at the mental age of a 90yr old has a IQ of 200. We can’t stop ageing, eventually the test become inaccurate. Adults are tested against a standardised sample.
What is Spearman’s theory of intelligence?
Theory that there is a single underlying factor ‘g’ that accounts for people’ s abilities and intelligence.
What is Thurstone’s theory on Primary mental abilities?
Accepted Spearman’s ‘g’ factor hypothesis but concluded intelligence was made up of seven mental abilities.
What are Thurstone’s seven mental abilities?
- Verbal comprehension
- Word fluency
- Number facility
- Spatial visualisation
- Associative memory
- Perceptual speed
- Reasoning
What is Cattell and Horn’s theory of intelligence?
Spearman’s factor ‘g’ could be divided into crystallised and fluid intelligence.
Crystallised intelligence = ability to use previously learned knowledge, experience & skills to solve problems, grows with age.
Fluid intelligence = ability to learn new things and respond to problems without relying on previous knowledge.
What is Carroll’s model of intelligence?
The three-stratum model.
Top Strata = ‘g’ general intelligence
Second strata = includes fluid and crystallised intelligence along with 6 other broad abilities
Third Strata = includes 69 specific abilities
