Personality

Question 1

Primary process according to Freud

Answer 1

An attempt on the part of the id to alleviate its frustrations raised by the pleasure principle in the most immediate way possible.

Question 2

Secondary process according to Freud

Answer 2

The ego operates under the reality principle and attempts to postpone the id’s pleasure principle drive until it is reasonable/acceptable to satisfy them.

Question 3

Wish fulfillment

Answer 3

Mental images depicting the object of the id’s desire

Question 4

Someone who is field independent…

Answer 4

Has the ability to distinguish relevant details from surrounding information.

Question 5

Someone who is field dependent…

Answer 5

Does not have the ability to distinguish relevant details from surrounding information. They produce diffuse responses to stimuli they perceive as undifferentiated.

Question 6

Self-esteem and locus of control

Answer 6

People with high self-esteem tend to have an internal locus of control, whereas people with low self-esteem tend to have an external locus of control.

Question 7

The main features of defense mechanisms

Answer 7

1. They deny, contradict or distort reality

2. They operate unconsciously

Question 8

Horney’s features of neurotic needs

Answer 8

They are like the needs of normal people (which are affection and independence) but differ in 4 ways:

1. They’re inappropriately intense
2. They’re indiscriminate
3. They’re detached from reality
4. They are anxiety-inducing

Question 9

Maslow’s self-actualizers and what they have in common

Answer 9

Identified Beethoven, Einstein, George Washington Carver and Eleanor Roosevelt as self-actualizers.

They have a non-hostile sense of humour, originality, creativity, spontaneity and a need for some privacy.

Self-actualized people are more likely to have peak experiences than those who do not self-actualize.

Question 10

Peak experiences

Answer 10

Profound and deeply moving experiences that have important and lasting effects on a person