Personality

Question 1

What is the big three?

Answer 1

Eysencks model of personlity: srguef for that individual differences in personality could be explained by extraversiom, neuroticism, and psychoticism.

Eysenck pointed how similarities to Hippocrates four personality types.

Question 2

In Eysenck’s big three, what caused extraversion and vice versa?

Answer 2

Extraversion is caused by variability in cortical arousal: extraverts are chronically underaroused and therefore bored, whereas introverts are chronically aroused and therefore jittery (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1973)

Question 3

Who did Eysenck inspire?

Answer 3

Gray’s biophysical theory of personality: the behavioral activation system (BAS)/behavioral inhibition system (BIS) (Gray, 1981)

The two systems control behavioral activity: BIS is thought to be related to sensitivity to punishment and avoidanvcr motivation

BAS is thought to be related to sensitivity to reward and approach motivation

Question 4

The BIS does what?

Answer 4

Predicts an individual’s response to anxiety-relevant cues in a givek environment. Negative stimuli = avoidance.

Question 5

What does the BAS do?

Answer 5

An individual’s disposition to pursue and achieve goals. Aroused when it receives cues corresponding to rewards.

Individuals with highly active BAS show higher levels of positive emotions (elation, happiness, hope). Believed to be related to dopaminergic pathways in the brain (dopamine is a neurotransmitter linkednwith positive emotions). (Carver & White, 1994)

Question 6

Who did Holland inspire?

Answer 6

British psychologist Raymond Cattell, who identified 16 personality factors by factor analysis. They serve as a model for explaining an individual’s personality

Question 7

What is the p-e fit?

Answer 7

The personal environment fit states that social types look for social environments where they fit in - same as Hollands codes. (French, Caplan & Harrison, 1982)