Personality

Question 1

Define personality

Answer 1

the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character.

Question 2

Explain the trait theory

Answer 2

■ We are born with innate characteristics called traits
■ They are stable, consistent and enduring

Question 3

Explain the social learning approach

Answer 3

■ Suggests behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation
■ We learn from people we hold in high esteem= role models, friends,
parents……teachers
■ Socialisation- Developing personality traits by associating and learning from others
■ 2 types Primary- from our family and Secondary- schools, media etc
■ We copy behaviour that we see as successful and powerful and that is consistently
shown to us
■ We copy when it is reinforced (especially positively)

Question 4

Explain the interactionist theory of personality

Answer 4

■ A theory which combines Trait and Social Learning to predict behaviour in a specific
situation
■ This indicates that born traits are adapted according to the situation
• Summarised by the formula
• B = f (P x E) (Lewin)
• This suggests that behaviour is a function of personality and environment

Question 5

The Hollander approach

Answer 5

Suggests that personality is made up of 3 features
The core of the performer
Typical responses
Role related behaviour

Question 6

Explain the core in the Hollander approach

Answer 6

The core is the Values and beliefs of the individual

Question 7

Explain typical responses in the Hollander approach

Answer 7

The use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations

Question 8

Explain role related behaviour in the Hollander approach

Answer 8

Suggests that a performer may adapt or adopt a very specific role when the situation demands

Question 9

How can the Interactionist Perspective Improve Performance

Answer 9

. The coach could predict potential aggressive or unacceptable behaviour- they could remove the player before a sending off occurs
. The coach could recreate these situations during training to allow the player to become accustomed to them in games. A nervous performer could train in front of a crowd
. If a player understands their behaviours they can monitor and adapt themselves

Question 10

Define credulous approach

Answer 10

you believe the theories. You accept a link that personality can predict behaviour

Question 11

Define sceptical approach

Answer 11

you don’t believe them. You doubt the link that personality can predict behaviour