Personality

Question 1

Whta is personality?

Answer 1

o Patterns that make an individual unique  think, feel and behave.

Question 2

State and Trait personality

Answer 2

State : situation based - dynamic
trait: stable and typical

Question 3

• Personality Assessment

Answer 3

o Many different questionnaires/inventories
o Some identify single traits, others a combination.

Question 4

• Ethical considerations of Personality Assessment

Answer 4

• Trained professionals should administer.
• Test should be viable & reliable.
• Test should be sport specific.

Question 5

Personality theories

Answer 5

• • Trait approach
• Psychodynamic theory (Freud)
• Humanistic approach (Maslow)
• Cognitive-behavioral approach
• Interactionist approach

Question 6

Trait approach

Answer 6

• Focuses in personal characteristics.
• Minimizes role of environment and situation

Question 7

Psychodynamic theory (Freud)

Answer 7

 Personality composed of 3 elements:
- Id – pleasure-seeking
- Ego – reality-orientated
- Super-ego – conscience

Question 8

Humanistic approach (Maslow)

Answer 8

 Focuses on human growth & striving o Hierarchy of needs
- Psychological needs (bottom): water, food, sleep
- Safety needs: security, stable order
- Social needs: belonging, connection, Love
- Esteem needs: Internal: self respect, achievement; External: recognition, status
- Self-actualization (top): human potential

Question 9

Cognitive-behavioral approach

Answer 9

Learn behaviours through:
- Modeling (observation)
- Reinforcement (reward/punishment)
 Behaviour is learnt through experience.
 Situations & individuals can influence each other,

Question 10

Interactionist approach

Answer 10

 Behaviour result of person -situation interaction
- Behaviour connected to disposition, personal experiences, and genetic makeup

Question 11

BIG 5

Answer 11

1. openness
2. Consiousness
3. estraversion
4. agreebleness
5. neuroticim

Question 12

Sports personality

Answer 12

o Sensation seeking:
 Seeking adrenaline and being able to risk it all.

 Components:
* Thrill and adventure seeking:
o Desire to engage in risky activities to create physical sensation.
* Experience seeking:
o Inclination to try new mental or physical experiences.
* Boredom susceptibility:
o Dislike of repetitive, dull, boring experiences
* Disinhibition:
o Desire to find release & loss of inhibition through drinking, partying, gambling, sex

Question 13

• Perfectionism in athletes:

Answer 13

1. Personal Standards perfectionism (PSP)
   * Perfectionists striving
   * High personal standards
   * Adaptive
   * Lack of it:
   o Burnout, depression high anxiety
2. Evaluative concerns perfectionism (ECP)
   * Perfectionist concern
   * Maladaptive
   * Excessive self-criticism
   * Doubts about actions
   * Lack of it:
   o Confidence, lower anxiety, effective coping Olympic performance

Question 14

• 2x2 model of Perfectionism

Answer 14

o Pure PSP  High perfectionist striving; low perfectionist concerns.
o Mixed PSP & ECP  High perfectionist striving; high perfectionist concerns.
o Pure ECP  Low perfectionist striving; high perfectionist concerns.
o Non-Perfectionism  Low perfectionist striving; low perfectionism concerns.