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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is personality?

A

Refers to a combination of lasting and distinctive behaviours, thoughts, motives and emotions that typify how we react and adapt to other people and situations.

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Personality is not a hypothetical construct.

A

FALSE. Personality is a hypothetical contrast because it cannot be directly measured or observed.

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3
Q

What is the trait theory?

A

Focuses on meaning, identifying and describing individual differences in personality in terms of traits.

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4
Q

What are the 4 main assumptions of the trait theory?

A
  1. Personality traits are relatively stable and therefore predictable over time.
  2. Personality traits are relatively stable across different situations.
  3. Personality consists of a number of different traits.
  4. Some traits are more closely interrelated that other traits and tend to occur together (dimensions)
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5
Q

What was Eysenck’s original proposition?

A

People could be classified into four basic personality types by combining two dimensions

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6
Q

What was the third dimension added to Eysenck’s trait theory?

A

Psychoticism

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7
Q

What were the two factors Eysenck believed created individual differences in personality?

A
  1. Genetic makeup

2. functioning of our brain and nervous system.

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8
Q

What is one strength of Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire?

A

Provides foundation of development of valid and reliable personality assessment devices.

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9
Q

What is one weakness of Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire?

A

Underestimates uniqueness of each individual.

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10
Q

How did Freud explore the psychodynamic theory?

A

Through ‘talking therapy’

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11
Q

What does the psychodynamic approach of personality emphasise?

A

Conscious forces and internal conflicts in its explanations of behaviours.

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12
Q

What are the three components of personality?

A

Id, ego and superego

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13
Q

What Is id? What principle does it operate on?

A

Id is the most primitive part of personality that demands immediate gratification, regardless of rules or feelings of others. Operates on the pleasure principle.

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14
Q

What Is ego? What principle does it operate on?

A

Ego is the realistic and logical part of personality. It operates on the reality principle.

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15
Q

What Is superego? What principle does it operate on?

A

Superego judges thoughts, feelings and actions according to morals and ideas of society. Operates by the moral principle.

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16
Q

What is a defence mechanism?

A

Unconscious processes by which the ego defends or protects itself against anxiety arising from unresolved internal conflicts.

17
Q

What are the 9 types of defence mechanisms?

A

denial. repression, reaction- formation, regression, projection, rationalisation, sublimation, intellectualisation and displacement.

18
Q

What is denial?

A

Refusing to believe something that is a cause of anxiety.

19
Q

What is repression?

A

Preventing unacceptable thoughts or feelings from entering conscious awareness.

20
Q

Thinking, feeling or behaving in a manner which is opposite to how you really think, feel or behave is what type of defence mechanism?

A

Reaction- formation

21
Q

Going back to a younger, child- like, immature way of behaving is what type of defence mechanism?

A

regression

22
Q

What is projection?

A

Shifting unwanted thoughts/ feelings to someone else.

23
Q

Making up a socially acceptable explanation for unacceptable thoughts, feelings or behaviours, is what type of defence mechanism?

A

Rationalisation

24
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Channelling unacceptable thoughts, impulses or wishes in a socially acceptable way.

25
Q

What is intellectualisation?

A

Ignoring emotions and feelings by talking about an emotionally painful event in a ‘cold’ unemotional way.

26
Q

What is displacement?

A

Directing an emotion away from the object or person that caused it to substitute object or person that is less threatening.

27
Q

What is projective testing?

A

Attempts to uncover an individual’s unconscious wishes, desires, fears, thoughts, needs and other ‘hidden’ aspects of personality by asking them to describe what they see or to make up a story from an ambiguous stimulation.

28
Q

What are the two types of projective tests?

A
  1. Rorschach Inkblot Test

2. Thematic Apperception Test

29
Q

What are Rorschach Inkblot Tests used for?

A

TO help identify individuals who have mental health problems.

30
Q

What is one strength of projective testing?

A

Difficult to fake the results- based on subjective answers.

31
Q

What is one limitation of projective testing?

A

Time consuming and expensive.

Psychology (3 decks)

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