Personalities Only

Question 1

studied the natural slopes of soils when tipped in a heap for formulating the design procedures of retaining walls

Answer 1

Henri Gautier

Question 2

Published a book for military and civil engineers in France; Proposed a theory for lateral earth pressure on retaining walls (followup to Gautier’s original study); Specified a soil classification system

Answer 2

Bernard Forest de Belidor

Question 3

published a study (1856) on the permeability of sand filters; basis for Darcy’s coefficient of permeability (hydraulic conductivity) of soil

Answer 3

Henri Philibert Gaspard Darcy

Question 4

development of the theory of stress distribution under loaded bearing areas in a homogenous, semi-infinite, elastic, and isotropic medium

Answer 4

Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842-1929)

Question 5

determined the overturning moment on a hinged wall retaining sand in loose and dese states of compaction

Answer 5

Sir George Howard Darwin (1845-1912)

Question 6

demonstrated the phenomenon of dilatancy in sand

Answer 6

Osborne Reynolds (1842-1912)

Question 7

Who was the Swedish chemist and soil scientist who studied clay-sized fractions and soil consistency?

Answer 7

Albert Mauritz Atterberg

Question 8

The Earth Dam Failure at Charmes, France (1909) is investigated by:

where he conducted undrained double-shear tests on clay specimens (0.77m2 in area and 200 mm thick) and he noted the times for failure of the specimens which were between 10-20 minutes

Answer 8

French Engr. Jean Fontard (1884-1962)