Personalised Medicine

Question 1

What are the main aims of Personalised Medicine ?

Answer 1

predict better

• diagnose earlier
• treat more efficiently

provide care for the individual person, based on individual data, not probalistic care

personalised medicine aims to take life history and life choices into account The doctor has to take into account symptoms and life history and decide which is medically relevant.

Question 2

What are some of the Methods used at the very start ?

Answer 2

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and pharmacogenomics were thought to help to identify people at risk of a particular disease and predict how they would react to a drug.

Question 3

What is Pharmagenomics ?

Answer 3

Pharmacogenomics is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics.

Pharmacogenomics analyses how the genetic makeup of an individual affects his/her response to drugs

the branch of genetics concerned with determining the likely response of an individual to therapeutic drugs.

Question 4

Is that Environment a factor and how ?

Answer 4

However, the environment governs which genes are expressed, these gene-environment interactions govern our daily lives and play a large part in why drugs work or not

Question 5

What is the gut microbe ?

Answer 5

the gut microbiome receives more and more attention for health and disease and its importance is more widely recognised.

Question 6

What is Phenotype ?

Answer 6

Physical Appearance of an organism as distinguished from its genetic makeup.
Eye colour etc

Question 7

What is Genotype ?

Answer 7

The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait.

Question 8

What is Pharmacogenomics ?

Answer 8

Differences in drug efficacy due to genetic predisposition

Question 9

What is an examples of genetic determinants of drug efficacy ?

Answer 9

Example: Nortryptiline (anti-depressant)

is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used to treat depression and childhood bedwetting.

This medication is used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, and increase your energy level. This medication belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants.

Question 10

What are the Nortryptilline Phenotypes standard dose?

Answer 10

1. Poor mobilizter
   2 . Intermediate Metabolizer
2. Extensive Metabolizer
3. Ultra -Rapid Metabolizer

Affects dosage and efficacy / safety

Question 11

Where does this particular ?

Answer 11

nortriptyline - Liver enzyme activity

metabolised by an enzyme of the Cyt P450 family during Phase I metabolism