Personalised Medicine Flashcards
How is ‘pharmacogenetics’ defined?
Application of genetic analysis to predict drug response, efficacy, and toxicity
What is personalised medicine?
Use of pharmacogenomics/ pharmacogenetics in patient-specific genetic information to predict patients’ response to different drugs
Prevention and Treatment based on environment, lifestyle and genes
Allows for individualisation of healthcare
What is precision medicine?
Targeted therapies based on molecular diagnostics
What type of mutations can be passed on to offspring?
Germ cell mutations
What is germline risk?
Variants present in an individual’s genome since conception that increase risk of developing cancer
What are somatic mutations found in tumours?
Mutations that occur during a patient’s lifetime that directly lead to oncogenesis
What is the Knudson hypothesis?
Cancer is the result of accumulated mutations to a cell’s DNA
What is BRCA1?
Human tumour suppressor gene (caretaker gene)
Responsible for repairing DNA
- Double strand breaks
What is ‘olaparib’?
PARP inhibitor
PARP is a protein (enzyme) found in our cells, it stands for poly-ADP ribose polymerase. It helps damaged cells to repair themselves.
As a cancer treatment, PARP inhibitors stop the PARP from doing its repair work in cancer cells and the cell dies.
What is the EGF receptor?
Responsible for a cascade resulting in cell proliferation
When activated by EGF
What is ‘gefitinib’?
EGFR inhibitor
Tyrosine kinase as a target
What is ‘erlotinib’?
EGFR inhibitor
Tyrosine kinase as a target
Name some examples of an EGFR inhibitor.
(1) Gefitinib
(2) Erlotinib
What are CDK4/6?
Cell cycle dependent kinase 4/6
Key regulator of the cell cycle
What is ‘palbococlib’?
Selective inhibitor of cell cycle dependent kinase 4/6
