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STCW > Personal Survival Techniques > Flashcards

Personal Survival Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Top Reasons for Abandoning Ship

A
  1. Fire
  2. Collision
  3. Grounding / Stranding
  4. Foundering
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2
Q

Four Survival Needs

A
  1. Breath
  2. Warmth
  3. Water
  4. Food
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3
Q

When you first report onboard you should…

A

Locate Muster Station
Locate all exits
Find all locations for firefighting and safety equipment
Make sure Personal Safety Gear fits

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4
Q

Muster List Includes

A

Alarm signals
Emergency instructions
Emergency duties
Lifeboat assignments

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5
Q

How often should each crew member participate in abandon ship and fire drills?

A

Each month, within 24 hours of leaving port if 25% of the crew has not done it in the previous month.

Recommended to run drills when a new crew member joins the boat.

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6
Q

SOLAS - Life Raft

A

SOLAS - Safety of Life at Sea

Highly visible color, automatic erection of canopy, 2 entrances, closeable, ventilated, viewing port, rain collector, insulated floor, withstand exposure 30 days, boarding or ramp ladder

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7
Q

Contents of 12 person SOLAS - Life Raft

A 
Buoyant quoit
knife
sponges
anchors
paddles
boat hook
repair outfit
leaky stoppers
tin opener
drinking vessel
electric torch
signaling mirror
whistle
red parachute distress rockets
distress flares
smoke signal
fishing line
food
seasick pills
water
seasick bag
Thermal protective aids
radar reflector/pole
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8
Q

ORC Pack

A

Offshore Racing Club Pack
(Commercial vessels operating under blue or yellow 24m codes)

Knife, bailer, sponges, quoit, anchor, paddles, repair outfit, electric torch, hand flares, anti seasick pills

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9
Q

Davit-launched life raft

A

A davit-launched inflatable life raft is applicated in transferring the full-loaded liferaft by the davit which can be charged and loaded on deck. … If the ship sinking, the hydrostatic release unit can make the liferaft separate quickly from the wreck and inflated automatically.

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10
Q

Hydrostatic Release Units

A

Mandatory.

Release life raft when there is not enough time to manually do so.
They cut the retaining line of the raft

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11
Q

SOLAS - Life Jacket

A

One for working/rescuing
- inflatable

One for abandoning ship
uncomfortable
restrictive
non-flammable
whistle
light
reflective tape
rot proof
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12
Q

EPIRB

A

Emergency Position Indicator Radio Beacon

Sends a distress signal to a satellite. It will pinpoint your position.

Signals are coded so rescue authority knows the name of the vessel and other information.

2nd signal goes to rescue aircraft to pinpoint position as they approach.

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13
Q

EPIRB Features

A

Capable of being manually and automatically operated

Transmitting continuously for no less than 48 hours

Batteries don’t need replacing but 2-year intervals

Highly visible color

Floating in calm water

Indicating light, showing that the signal is being transmitted

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14
Q

SART

A

Search and Rescue Transponder

Designed to trigger radars of searching ships/aircraft into a series of dots to appear on their radar screens.

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15
Q

Thermal Protective Aids

A

Lightweight bags or suits that cover the entire body, minus the face. Waterproof, highly visible color.

They reduce heat loss from the body.

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16
Q

Immersion Suits

A

It may be insulated or uninsulated, designed to wear with or without a life jacket or have sufficient buoyancy.

Covers whole body but the face.

Uninsulated: 1 hour @ sea temp of 41 degrees
Insulated: 6 hours @ sea temp. 32-35 degrees

17
Q

Visual Distress Signals

A 
Red Parachute Flares
Red/White Handheld Flares
Smoke Canister - Orange international recognized distress signal
Dye markers
Reflective Mirror
Distress Flag
18
Q

RTE

A

Radar Target Enhancers (Radar Reflectors)

Reflect radar energy from other vessels radar, so your boat can show up as a larger “target”

Boats operated in areas of shipping traffic, fog and low visibility are common. The ability to be seen by radar-equipped ships can make the difference between being seen and sunk.

19
Q

Equipment Locations

A

Common Locations:

  • bow
  • bridge
  • engine room
  • individual cabins
  • survival craft
  • Life-saving equipment should be:
  • accessible
  • float free location
  • clear of rigging
  • protected from the elements
20
Q

Emergency Alarm Signals

A

General -
7 short, 1 prolonged

Man Overboard -
3 prolonged

Fire/Emergency -
Continuous ship whistle
Continuous ringing of general alarm
Bell for 10 seconds

Abandon Ship - Only by verbal order of Captain
1 blast, lower life boats
2 blast, stop lowering
3 blast, dismiss from drill

21
Q

Fire Onboard

A 
Sound the alarm
Attempt initial action
Evacuate affected compartments
Muster Station
Headcount
Personal Protective equipment
Close doors hatch to starve the fire
Shut down AC
Remove combustible materials from the surrounding area
Attempt to contain the fire
22
Q

Man Overboard

A

3 prolonged blast (Morse O)
Shout “Man overboard” on the port, starboard, stern
Throw life ring or floatable object into water
Assign a pointer to constantly watch MOB
Press MOB button on chart plotter
Prepare to launch the rescue boat if needed
The medical person in charge to prepare 1staid
Send “Mayday” radio message if you cant get MOB

23
Q

7 Steps to Survival

After abandon ship

A

Recognition - control emergency, make a distress call and initiate survival procedures
Signals - If no radio contact, use EPIRB, SART, flares, mirrors, flashlights, dyes, smoke, horns
Shelter - life raft, immersion suits, warm clothing, blankets
Water - Obtain as much as possible, ration immediately, devise rain catchment
Will to Survive - Create a sense of well being, appoint jobs, lookouts, food distributor, 1st aid, flare handler
Inventory - Collect everything you need in an emergency, have a ditch bag ready
Food - high energy, low salt, seasick pills asap, don’t eat for 24 hours to let stomach shrink.

24
Q

2 Biggest Killers

A

Hypothermia

Drowning

25
Q

If No Life Raft Available

A

Get clear of the vessel in order to avoid becoming trapped. Float quietly in your life jacket until help arrives. Join up with other swimmers and huddle together to stay warmer and you’re easier to spot.

26
Q

Sharks

A

Retain clothing, especially on legs and feet.
Keep as quiet & stationary as possible, only move to keep the shark in sight.
In a group form a circle facing outward.
Bind bleeding wounds, if it’s necessary to swim do so with rhythmic strokes. Getting into an oil patch will help. Get out of the water if you can

27
Q

Oil Fire

A

Get rid of life jacket, swim underwater as far as you can. When forced upwards to breathe, make a sweeping movement with you hands to free body clear of the surface. When breaking surface cover eyes, nose, mouth. Back to the wind, sweep flames clear with broad arm movements across the surface. Take a deep breath and get underwater rapidly, cover face when submerging head.

28
Q

Actions in Life Raft

A 
A. 
Cut the painter
Stream the drogue
Close the life raft 
B.
Seasick remedy
Injured survivors
Bailout (remove water)
Warmup
Congregation of life raft (Cold, more people better, Hot fewer people better)
Check for leaks
C.
Sharp objects
Roll call
Routine
Watches (Set in pairs, inside/outside)
Handbook
  • Do not issue food within the first 24 hours
  • Waiting
29
Q

Stages of Hypothermia

A

Initial Immersion: 2-3 minutes, cold shock

Short Term Immersion: 3-15 minutes, exhaustion & drowning

Long Term Immersion: 30 minutes

Post Immersion:

30
Q

HELP Position

A

Heat
Escape
Lessening
Position

  • Elbows close to your chest, grip the neck of your life jacket, cross your legs, bring them close to your chest.
  • Huddle if with a group of people, form a circle facing inwards
31
Q

Crocodile Position

A

Try keeping your back to the wind, form a straight line

32
Q

Frostbite

A

Wiggle nose, cheeks, hands, toes to keep circulation going.
Remove rings, watches, etc.
Do not massage the affected area when signs of frostbite begin.
Rewarm area with warm water, do not use dry or radiant heat

33
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

Caused by loss of fluids/minerals through heavy sweating.
Headache, exhaustion, nausea, cramps, fainting, pale, skin cold/clammy

*Rest as much as possible, cool environment, drink as much water as possible.

34
Q

Heatstroke

A

Environmental temperature is very high and body can no longer regulate its temperature by sweating.

Headache, dizziness, feeling hot, the body will be hot to the touch, the body will be dry because they cannot sweat

*Strip clothing off, soak in water, give as much air as possible.

STCW (3 decks)

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