Personal Rule Flashcards
Laud and church - imposing uniformity
Strict conformity to the book of common prayer was required by law
Clergy who refused to conform were disciplined, suspended or deprived of their livings
Strict adherence to the thirty-nine articles and to existing ecclesiastical canons
Laud and church - Destroying Puritanism
1637 - Prynne, Burton and Bastwick (all respected gentry) were punished for attacking the church
Hostile books and pamphlets were censored
Laud and church - using the church’s authority to reinforce divine right of kings
Encouraged clergy to preach sermons supporting divine right
Bishops were given prominent places in Charles’ government
Laud and church - restoring the fabric of the church
Many churches were dilapidated after years of neglect
Bishops and priests were instructed to live in their sees and benefices
Puritan network
Leading Puritans linked by family connections and business partnerships formed a network of potential opposition by 1630
They met in secret and didn’t keep any records - shows they’re scared of laud, personal rule is working
How did religion affect Scotland during personal rule
James 1 was cautious about pushing his religion on scot + Irish. Charles was far less cautious.
1633 - Charles traveled to Scotland for his coronation
It was a high church ceremony (similar to Arminianism). Shows he’s out of touch with his people
1636 - laud issued canons that formalised Scottish church
1637 - laud issued the English prayer book into Scotland, this caused the national covenant and the bishops war
Sir Thomas Wentworth (earl of Stratford)
He used to sit in parl as a critic of the crown. Was made a sherif in 1626 and imprisoned in 1627 for refusing to pay forced loan
1628 - becomes loyal supporter of Charles, gets promoted in 1629 and 1631
Looks like he changed sides for money and power
1631 - book of orders
Distributed to JP’s. Told them what to do/their duties. Would have made them unhappy as they’re not getting paid and are being told what to do
Who is William Laud
1628 - becomes bishop of London
1633 - becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
Believes in high church (similar to arminianism) and divine right of kings.
Thorough
An attempt to counteract the inefficiency and make the structures of the church and government ‘run properly’
Introduced things such as book of orders
It was basically the most hated man in England telling everyone what to do. No one liked it
Straffords policies in Ireland
They caused anger and discontent
His actions created fear of absolutism being reinforced in England
English gentry feared that Strafford would bully them in the Same way and force taxes and religion
Prynne, Burton and Bastwick
1637 - imprisoned and mutilated for religious crimes
They were treated like common thieves for their crimes.
Shows lack of respect for ruling classes
Shipmoney
A non parliamentary taxation.
John Hampden refused to pay.
Charles argued that, since they weren’t even at war, England was in danger as they were unprepared.
Charles wins the trial
There’s a tax revolt, only 25% is collected
Shows lack of finance and unpopularity
The prayer book rebellion of Scotland
Charles decided to bring scot religious practice in line with England’s
A new prayer book was to be used in Scotland from jul 1637
Jenny Geddes started a riot
Scottish covenant was formed- would defend their faith at any cost
June 1639- England invade Scotland
Why did Charles lose the first bishops war
English army wasn’t good enough
Unpopularity of war
Absence of parliament
The king
