Personal Investigation 2 - Questionnaire on Pet Ownership & Stress Flashcards
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Questionnaire definition
A set of written questions designed to collect information on how respondents truly feel on a topic
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Previous research
Amiot: Pet ownership & wellbeing during the pandemic
- Found pet owners reported a lower wellbeing than non-pet owners
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Independent Variable
Pet Owner or Non-pet Owner
Measuring through ppts. self-report
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Dependent Variable
Stress levels
Using PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE (Cohen)
Measuring through ppts. self-report using perceived stress scale
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Hypothesis
Directional, Alternative: Pet owners will have higher stress levels than non-pet owners
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Null Hypothesis
There will be no indicator that pet ownership is related to stress
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Operationalised Hypothesis
Pet owners of any preferred pet will have higher stress levels than non-pet owners
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Confounding Variable
Respondent having poor online knowledge (online form)
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Extraneous Variables
- Complicated questions
- Poor questionnaire design
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Methodology Justification
Practical method of gathering large amounts of quantified data
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Methodology Strengths
- Practical (Time / Cost / Conduct)
- Ethically sound (Online - Consent & Right to withdraw)
- Anonymous (promotes honesty & limits social desirability bias)
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Methodology Weaknesses
- Closed-questions: limits ppts. responses (no effect for my study)
- Low validity: self-report method
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Sampling Method & Justification
Opportunity Sampling
- Most practical
- Study doesn’t require specific population - respondents within general population
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Graphical Representation
Pie Chart
Practically display frequencies which shows a visual comparison between groups
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Inferential Statistics Test & Why
Mann Whitney U test
Ordinal Data
Independent Groups Design
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Critical Value
70
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USTAT Value
92.5
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Assessing Reliability
Split-half method:
Divide questions (equal & odd) & compare by calculating a correlation coefficient; if similar, HIGH INTERNAL RELIABILITY
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Assessing Validity
Concurrent Validity:
Previously validated measurement of stress to ensure high concurrent validity
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Issue of Validity
Social Desirability
Eliminate: Anonymity
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Potential Ethical Issues
Risk of Harm: Respondent = briefed that questions may be distressing
Valid Consent: Allowed respondent to read questions before consenting (informed consent) & included required tick box stating that they understood & consented
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Is data significant, and why?
No, USTAT value is higher than critical value; results do not support PI hypothesis
MWU: significance = USTAT value is lower than critical value
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Descriptive statistics & Justification
MEAN: More sensitive than other methods (Incorporates all tallied data) & More practical than SD
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Descriptive statistics & Justification
MEAN: More sensitive than other methods (Incorporates all tallied data) & More practical than SD
