Persecution germany Flashcards
List the racial hierarchy
Aryans
White western europeans
slavs - eastern europeans
black people
gypsies
jews
what was the utermenchen
sub humans
Who were known as the undesirables and threat to volk
alcoholics, prostitutes, homosexuals, prisoners, disabled
What was the sterilisation law
july 1933
allowed people to sterilise people with illnesses to stop them from reproducing diseased offspring
How many people were sterilised between 1934-45
between 320,000-350,000
what were the roles of concentration camps
- 1936 all undesirables sent there to be killed
- 11,000 beggars tramps and gypsies sent
- 1939 all gypsies must be deported
- any jew would be sent to be exterminated
- beggars did hard labour
- gassed people when they thought their ‘disorder’ would be treated
What was the euthanasia campaign
- people forcefully killed
- 6000 physically disabled children, babies and teens murdered by lethal injection or starvation
- 72,000 people murdered
- disabled people sent to camps and killed with carbon monoxide gas
what was the1933 Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring?
300,000 disabled people were sterilised (medically operated on so they could not have children).
By 1939, the Nazis began to use euthanasia (intentionally ending a life) to kill those with mental and physical disabilities.
100,000 people were secretly killed between 1939 and 1941.
why were jews hated
Jews in Germany were often associated with communism.
Many Jews were very wealthy and the Jews were blamed for the German defeat in World War One.
Therefore, anti-Semitism (strong dislike of Jews) was popular in Germany amongst some people before the Nazis came into power.
The Nuremberg laws?
Nazis drew yellow stars on their doors to stop people going inside.
November 1938 - Jews who worked for the government were fired.
In 1936, it was forbidden for Jews to be professions such as a doctor, vet, accountant, teacher or nurse.
Anti-Semitism
In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws made anti-Semitism legal.
September 1935 - The Reich Law on Citizenship stated that Jews were no longer allowed to be German citizens and lost their rights.
The Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour stated that Jews could not marry German citizens.
In 1939, Jews had to have a J’ stamped on their passport and add Israel (for men) or Sarah (for women) to their name.
Kristallnacht?
In November 1938 a young jewish german killed a German diplomat in Paris. The Nazis used this as an excuse to launch a violent revenge on Jews. Plain-clothed SS troopers were issued with pickaxes and hammers and the address of Jewish businesses. They ran riot, smashing up Jewish shops and workplaces. 91 Jews were murdered.
Hundreds of synagogues were burned. 20,000 Jews were taken to concentration camps. Thousands more left the country. The Nazi-controlled press presented Kristallnacht as a spontaneous reaction of ordinary Germans against the Jews. Most Germans did not believe this, however, hardly anyone protested. Those that did were brutally murdered.
The final solution?
After the Wannsee Conference in January 1942, the ‘Final Solution of the Jewish Question’ was decided.
6 death camps with gas chambers were built in Poland.
Out of all the Jews killed, 60% were killed after 1942, after the Wannsee Conference.
What were people’s reaction to persecution
No one spoke out to help the Jews.
Many helped the Nazis, others stood back and did nothing because either it did not affect them or they were too scared of the Nazis.
Many Jews and others did not know what happened at the camps. They took suitcases and bought their own train tickets to get to the death camps.
