Persecution Flashcards
Define Anti- Semitism
Opposition to and attack on Jews
Define Aryan
Nazi term for someone of supposedly pure Germanic stock
Define untermenschen
German word for sub humans
Who did the Nazis believe were untermenschen?
Other races, Jews and Slavs
People from Eastern Europe
What had Hitler blamed the Jews for?
‘Stab in the back’ theory
Treaty of Versailles
Hyperinflation in 1923
How many Jews were in Germany in 1933?
Half a million
Why were the Jews an easy target for Hitler?
A lot were successful (10% of doctors and 16% of lawyers were Jewish)
Many Germans were jealous of their success and suspicious of a very different religion
Why did the Nazis see gypsies as a threat?
Non Aryan
Thought to be work shy
When did the Nazis introduce a decree against gypsies?
1938
Gypsies forced to register so they could be controlled
Who were vagrants?
Beggars
Men moving from town to town trying to find work
Young people who had left home
How did Nazis control vagrants?
Forced them to work
In 1938 SS rounded up 100,000 and placed them in concentration camps
How did the Nazis control black people?
1935 banned marriage to Aryans
Treatment similar to gypsies
Children who were born to German women by black soldiers who had been stationed in the Rhineland were sterilized
How did the Nazis control the mentally ill?
Sterilized many
By 1945, nearly 300,000 had been sterilized
Became more extreme after start of WW2
Set out to kill them, by 1945, 70,000 had been murdered
How were Jews persecuted in 1933/1934?
Boycott Jewish shops
Sacked from jobs such as lawyers/ civil servants
Banned from public places such as parks, swimming baths
What professions were Jews banned from in 1936?
Vets
Dentists
Accountants
When were Jewish children excluded from German schools and universities?
1938
When were the Nuremberg Laws introduced?
1935
What did the Nuremberg Laws do?
Denied Jews citizenship
Lost right to vote and hold govt office
Banned marriage between Jews and Aryans
When was Kristallnacht?
9-10 November 1938
What happened on Kristallnacht?
Thousands of Jewish shop windows smashed 815 shops destroyed 191 synagogues set on fire 76 synagogues demolished 91 Jews killed 20,000 arrested
Why is Kristallnacht a turning point for treatment of Jews?
It turned violent from this point
How were Gypsies persecuted in Nazi Germany?
1933- often arrested and sent to concentration camps
1936- forced to live in special camps
1938- banned from travelling in groups/ took aware German citizenship
1939- plans to forcibly remove all gypsies from Germany
How were homosexuals persecuted in Nazi Germany?
Laws encouraged voluntary castration
Large numbers of men imprisoned for being a homosexual
Often sent to concentration camps- over 5,000 men died there.
How were people with disabilities persecuted in Nazi Germany?
1933- Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring- compulsory sterilisation for mentally ill, alcoholic, deformed, epileptic, deaf or blind.
1939 T4 Programme- babies with severe disabilities killed. Eventually juveniles up to 17 years old with disabilities were included- over 5,000 killed.
